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TranslatingPoliticalandScientificThoughtacrossTimeandSpace7-9December2017|ManchesterConferenceCentrehostedjointlybyGenealogiesofKnowledgeisaprojectfundedbygenealogiesofknowledge.
net#GoKConf2017ITranslatingPoliticalandScientificThoughtacrossTimeandSpace7-9December2017|ManchesterConferenceCentresupportedbySchoolofArts,LanguagesandCultures,TheUniversityofManchester@UoMSALCConfuciusInstituteTheUniversityofManchester@ConfuciusMCRDigitalHumanitiesTheUniversityofManchester@DH_UoMDivisionofClassics&AncientHistoryTheUniversityofManchester@Clah_McrIGenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts1BookofAbstractsTableofContentsConferenceHostsGenealogiesofKnowledgeProjectOverview3CentreforTranslationandInterculturalStudies5ConferenceGenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceTheme6GuidelinesforConvenorsandChairs7ProgrammeOutlineProgramme8Thursday7December8Friday8December9Saturday9December10ConferenceCentrePlan11DetailedProgramme12Thursday7December12Friday8December16Saturday9December20AbstractsKeynotes(alphabetically)24Panels(alphabetically32Data-drivenConceptualHistory.
NewMethodsandApproaches33Dissemination,ContestationandMediationofKnowledgebetweenAsiaandtheWest34LinguaFrancasofKnowledge36ScienceandTranslationasCulturallyEmbeddedPractices37ScientificTranslationduringtheColdWar.
PerspectivesfromthePeripheries38SeamsofKnowledge.
Geology,TranslationandAnglo-EuropeanScientificExchange39TheMagicof'Classical'Languages.
Scripts,SoundandSenseintheTranslationofSacredConcepts40TranslationandHealthHumanities.
TheRoleofTranslatedPersonalNarrativesintheCo-creationofMedicalKnowledge41TranslatingTranslation.
ConvergenceandDivergenceofTranslationacrossEpistemicandCulturalBoundaries42Papers(alphabeticallybyfirstauthor)43ListofSpeakers124GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts2GenealogiesofKnowledge|TheEvolutionandContestationofConceptsacrossTimeandSpaceProjectOverviewDemocracy,civilsociety,nation,naturallaw,humanrights,equality,experiment,cause,evidence,truth,validity,expertise–theseareallkeyculturalconceptswithalonghistorythatremaincentraltosocialandpoliticallifetoday.
Thisprojectexploreshowourunderstandingoftheseconceptshasevolvedsincetheyfirstemerged.
Italsoexamineshowtranslationhasimpactedthistransformation,astheseconceptshavetravelledacrosscenturies,languagesandcultures.
Thefactthatestablishedinterpretationsofthesenotionsarestillbeingrenegotiatedtodaybycivilsocietygroupsindigitalparticipatoryenvironmentsfurtherdemonstratestheneedtounderstandtheprocessesofmutationthatshapedtheirhistoricaldevelopment.
Muchresearchhasfocusedonthedevelopmentoftheseconceptsindividually,atparticulartimes,inspecificplaces–e.
g.
equalityinearlymodernEurope,theemergenceofdemocracyinAncientGreece,ortheconceptofprooffromEuclidtoEinstein.
However,littleornoattempthasbeenmadetotracethegenealogyofindividualconceptsorconstellationsofconceptsthroughprocessesof(re)translationandothersitesofmediation,suchascommentaries.
Wealsolacktheanalyticalandcomputationaltoolstomaptheevolutionofkeypoliticalandscientificconceptsinthoselanguagesthathaveattainedanearglobalreachatdifferentpointsinhistoryacrosstheboundariesofcountryandcreed.
Greekthoughtinparticularhasbeenhighlyinfluential,butstrikinglyasmuchinLatin,ArabicandEnglishtranslationsasinGreek.
Theprojectthereforefocusesontranslationphenomenaandothersitesofmediationinvolvingthreedistinctlinguafrancas:medievalArabic,earlyLatinandmodernEnglish.
Itengageswithkeyhistoricalmomentsthathavebroughtabouttransformationsintheinterpretationoftwoconstellationsofconceptsacrossthelast2500years.
ThefirstconstellationrelatestothebodypoliticandincludesconceptscurrentlyexpressedbythefollowinglexicalitemsinEnglish:polis,polity,democracy,civilsociety,citizenship,nation,state,naturallaw,humanrights.
Thesecondconstellationconsistsofconceptsthatunderpinscientific,expertdiscourse(includingmedicaldiscourseasacaseinpoint),suchasexperiment,observation,evidence,proof,episteme,truth,falsehood,aetiology,causation,justification,fact,validity,expertise.
Focusingonthesetwoconstellationsofconcepts,theprojectpursuestworelatedstrandsofanalysis.
First,thehistoricalevolutionandtransformationthroughtranslationofthetwoconstellationsofconcepts,focusingonseminalmomentsofchangeinthereceptionandreproductionoftranslatedtextsandtheirmeaningsbysubsequentreaderships.
Thiswillinvolveexaminingcommentariesand(re)translationsfrom/intoGreek,earlyLatin,medievalArabicandmodernEnglish.
Second,thewaysandmeansbywhichcivilsocietyactorsinvolvedinradicaldemocraticgroupsandcounter-hegemonicglobalisationmovementscontestandredefinethemeaningofsuchculturalconceptstoday,aspartofanevolvingradical-democraticproject.
Inresponsetostate-centredformsofdemocraticpraxis,civilsocietyactorsareshiftingtowardsanon-statemodelofdemocracybasedonprinciplesofdiversityandhorizontality.
Inthisfluidcontext,theconceptsthathavetraditionallyunderpinnedscientificdiscourse(e.
g.
evidence,expertiseandtruth)arebecominglesscentraltotheconstructionanddisseminationofknowledge,whichisnowregardedaspartialandprovisional.
Inanalysingtheseprocessesofknowledgerenegotiationandcontestation,wefocusonEnglishaslinguafranca.
Forbothstrandsofanalysis,thestudyinvolvesbuildinglarge,diverseelectronicGenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts3corporaofGreek,Latin,ArabicandEnglish.
Buildingonourlongexperienceincorpus-basedstudiesoftranslation,wearealsodevelopingarangeofopen-sourcesoftwareapplicationstointerrogatethecorporaandassistwiththepresentationoffindingstootherresearchersandthepublicthroughpowerfulvisualisationtools.
Aswithearlierprojects,mostnotablytheTranslationalEnglishCorpus,weaimtoprovidefree,restrictedaccesstothecorporaandthesoftwarethroughaninterfacedesignedspecificallyforthisproject.
ThisAHRC-fundedprojectbringstogetherseniorscholarsfromTranslationStudies,Graeco-ArabicStudies,DigitalMediaandCommunication,andComputerScience.
Furthermembersoftheresearchteamincludetwopostdoctoralresearchassociates,onePh.
D.
student,andoneprojectsupportofficer.
Itishopedthattheprojectwillleadtosignificantadvancesinindividualfieldsandyieldnovelinsightsintohowtranslationsandrelatedformsofmediationgenerateandtransformknowledge;howculturaliconsandframeworksofunderstandingemergeandevolveovertime;andhowthepastdirectlyinformsourexperienceandexpressionofthepresent.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts4CentreforTranslationandInterculturalStudiesSchoolofArts,LanguagesandCultures,TheUniversityofManchesterTheCentreforTranslationandInterculturalStudies(CTIS)wasestablishedin1995topromotethestudyoftranslationandprovideaplatformforinitiativesthatenhancethevisibilityoftranslationandinterpretingstudieswithintheUniversityandtheinternationalreputationofManchesterasaleadingcentrefortranslationresearchandpedagogy.
Today,CTIShasoneofthelargestconcentrationoftranslationstudiesspecialistsintheUK,andattractsvisitingscholarsandpostgraduatestudentsfromawiderangeofcountriesandbackgrounds.
BycollaboratingwithexpertselsewhereintheSchoolofArts,LanguagesandCultures,infieldssuchasliterarystudies,linguistics,intellectual,socialandculturalhistoryandtheory,CTISprovidesauniqueenvironmentforresearchintranslationstudies,bothincoreareasofthedisciplineandatitsinterdisciplinarycuttingedge.
TheCentrehousestheworld'sfirstandlargestcomputerisedcorpusoftranslatedtext,theTranslationalEnglishCorpus(TEC),whichisfreelyavailabletotheresearchcommunity.
CTISisalsohometoGenealogiesofKnowledge:TheEvolutionandContestationofConceptsacrossTimeandSpace,alargeAHRC-fundedprojectexploringhowtranslationhasimpactedthetransformationofkeyconceptsinpoliticalandscientificthoughtastheseconceptshavetravelledacrosscenturies,languagesandcultures.
CTIShasastrongrecordofcollaborationwithotherinstitutions,bothintheUKandabroad.
Followingaverysuccessful12-yearpartnershipwithUCLandtheUniversityofEdinburghindeliveringtheTranslationResearchSummerSchool,CTISlaunchedanewresearchtraininginitiativein2014,calledARTIS(AdvancingResearchinTranslationandInterculturalStudies).
ThroughARTIS,Manchesterorganisesandsupportsresearchtrainingeventsworldwide.
RecentinternationalconferencesandsymposiawhichCTIShashostedand/orco-organisedincludeResearchModelsinTranslationStudiesII(Manchester2011);TravellingTheoryintheSciencesandHumanities(Manchester2012);CitizenMedia:NewMediationsofCivicEngagement(Manchester2013);TranslatingandInterpretingAcrossMedia:ExploringtheRelevanceof(Inter)medialityforLanguagePedagogy(Manchester2013);NewPerspectivesonTranslation:InsightsintothePerformativeandCognitiveWorkofTranslators(Manchester2014);ResearchingTranslationintheContextofPopularCulture:TheoreticalandMethodologicalPerspectives(Manchester2015);`TheOnlyThingWorthGlobalizingIsDissent':TranslationandtheManyLanguagesofResistance(Cairo2015,AHRC-funded);TheCulturalPoliticsofTranslation:InternationalConference(Cairo2015,SupportedbytheBritishAcademy);andResearchingCitizenMedia(Manchester2016).
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts5GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceTranslatingPoliticalandScientificThoughtacrossTimeandSpaceTheproductionandcirculationofknowledgeacrosstemporalandculturalspacesisawell-establishedresearchthemeamongclassicistsandhistoriansofpoliticalthought,ideas,scienceandmedicine,butrecentdevelopmentshaveopenedupnewperspectivesonthisareaofstudy.
Thestudyofsocialknowledgeflowshasadvancedourunderstandingofthesetransitprocessesincriticalandproductiveways.
Whileearlier'diffusionist'modelsofknowledgeproductionanddistributionwerepredicatedontheascendancyofEuropeanthoughtandscience,andthetreatmentofotherculturesasnomorethanproducersofdatatobecollected,theorisedandunderstood,emergingmodelsofsocialknowledgeforegroundhowtheveryprocessofcirculationproducesnewknowledgeandrecognisethecontributionofallactorsandlocationstraversedbysuchflowsovertime.
Thisdevelopmentisparticularlywelcomeatatimewhenthemediaofknowledgeproductionandcirculation,successivelymouldedbythemanuscript,printandelectroniccultures,arebeingreconfiguredinthedigitalcultureofthe21stcentury.
Inthisdeterritorialisedanddecentralisedarenaofinstantaneousknowledgeproductionandcirculation,"questionsoftrust,testimony,andcommunitarianobjectivityaresimultaneouslyquestionsofhowknowledgetravels,towhomitisavailable,andhowagreementisachieved[ornot]"betweenexpertsandordinarypeople(Secord2004:660-661).
Socialmovementanddigitalmediascholarswhoadvocateandpractisealternativeformsofpoliticalparticipationandcollectiveformsofknowledgeconstructionarethereforeincreasinglyplayinganimportantroleinreconceptualisingthesetrajectoriesofknowledgeproductionandcontestation.
Thecontributionoftranslationtotheseprocessesacrosscenturiesandcultureshaslongbeendocumentedandstudied.
Asignificantbodyofresearch,oftenundertakenbyscholarsoutsidetranslationstudies,hasdrawnonarangeofcasestudiestoshowhowconceptsandvalueshavebeenandcontinuetoberenegotiatedandtransformedatspecifichistoricaljuncturesthroughprocessesof(re)translation,rewritingandotherformsofmediation.
Buttranslationisbecomingenmeshedinthestudyofknowledgeproductionandcirculationinnewandexcitingways.
Newandpowerfulcomputerisedtoolspromisetoenableresearcherstotracethegenealogyandtransformationofkeyconceptsinthehumanitiesandsciencesacrosstemporalandculturalspacesthroughtranslation.
Theexplanatorypoweroftranslationasakeyforcedrivingthestudyoftransformationandchange,ontheotherhand,hasledscholarsinotherareasofknowledgetousetheconcept'asatropethroughwhichthelocalconcernsoftheappropriatingdisciplinemaybeaddressed'(BakerandSaldanha2011:xxi).
HostedbytheGenealogiesofKnowledgeprojectandCTIS,thisconferenceintendstoprovideaforumforengagingwithquestionsofcurrentimportinrelationtotheroleoftranslationintheproductionandcirculationofpolitical,scientificandotherkeyconceptsinsociallifeacrosstimeandspace.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts6GuidelinesforConvenorsandChairsTheroleofPanelConvenorsandThematicSessionChairsistoensuretheefficiency,fairnessandco-ordinationofproceedings.
1.
Allconvenedpanelsandthematicsessionsincludea5-minuteIntroductionanda10-minuteDiscussion.
Panelconvenors,whowillbefullyfamiliarwithpanelspeakersandtheirpapersbeforehand,areexpectedtousetheseslotstointroducetheaimsandscopeofthepanel,andchairapanel-widediscussion(seeitems2and3below).
Thematicsessionchairs,ontheotherhand,areadvisedtomakecontactwithspeakersbeforetheirsessionsstart.
Speakers'detailsavailableinthisBookofAbstracts(institutionalaffiliation,mainpublications,researchinterests,paperabstracts,etc.
)willallowthematicsessionchairstoprovidebriefbutinformativeintroductionsduringthe5-minuteIntroductionslot.
Thematicsessionchairsshouldalsonoteitems2and3below.
2.
Allpaperslotsare30minuteslongandwillconsistofa20-minutepresentationfollowedbya10-minutepaper-specificQ&Asession.
3.
Panelconvenorswillobservestricttimekeepingandspeakerswillspeakintheorderinwhichtheyarelistedintheprogrammeandwithinthetimeallottedtothem—therewillbeseveralparallelsessionsrunningconcurrentlyandsomedelegatesmaywanttomovebetweensessions.
4.
Apanel-wideorthematicsession-widediscussionwilltakeplaceduringthefinal10-minuteslot.
Bothconvenorsandchairsmaywanttoremindspeakersanddelegatestokeepquestions,answersandotherinterventionsbriefandtothepoint.
Intheinterestoffairness,convenorsandchairsshouldalsoensurethatdiscussionsdonotremainlimitedtojustoneortwoofthepaperspresentedinthesession.
5.
Panelconvenorswillbeprovidedwithasetofcuecardstosignaltospeakersthattheirtimeisrunning/hasrunout.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts7GenealogiesofKnowledgeITranslatingPoliticalandScientificThoughtacrossTimeandSpaceOutlineProgrammeThursday7December201708.
30-09.
30REGISTRATIONThePendulum09.
30-09.
45OPENINGANDWELCOMEThePioneerTheatre09.
45-11.
00KEYNOTE1–ROBERTWISNOVSKY,McGillUniversity,CanadaCommentaries,TranslationandPhilosophicalChange:TheCaseofGreek-into-ArabicThePioneerTheatre11.
00-11.
30COFFEEBREAKThePioneerRoom11.
30-13.
15ParallelICONVENEDPANEL1(1/2)|TranslatingTranslation:TranslationAcrossMedicalCulturesThePioneerTheatreCONVENEDPANEL2|TheMagicof'Classical'Languages:Script,SoundandSenseintheTranslationofSacredConceptsConferenceRoom5THEMATICSESSION1|TranslationandConceptualResearchintheSocialSciencesConferenceRoom613.
15-14.
30LUNCHThePioneerRoom14.
30-15.
45KEYNOTE2–MARIANNEMAECKELBERGH,LeidenUniversity,NetherlandsThePracticeofUnknowing:KnowledgeConstructionandDeconstructioninSocialMovementNetworksThePioneerTheatre15.
45-16.
00COFFEEBREAKThePioneerRoom16.
00-17.
45ParallelIICONVENEDPANEL1(2/2)|TranslatingTranslation:TranslatingBodiesThePioneerTheatreCONVENEDPANEL3|SeamsofKnowledge:Geology,TranslationandAnglo-EuropeanScientificExchangeConferenceRoom5CONVENEDPANEL4|ScientificTranslationDuringtheColdWar:PerspectivesfromthePeripheriesConferenceRoom618.
00WINERECEPTIONThePendulumGenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts8Friday8December201708.
45-09.
00REGISTRATIONThePendulum09.
00-10.
15KEYNOTE3–EIVINDENGEBRETSEN,UniversityofOslo,NorwayKnowledgeTranslation(KT)asBio-textualCrossingsThePioneerTheatre10.
15-10.
45COFFEEBREAKThePioneerRoom10.
45-13.
00ParallelIIICONVENEDPANEL5(1/2)|Data-drivenConceptualHistoryThePioneerTheatreCONVENEDPANEL6|LinguaFrancasofKnowledgeConferenceRoom5CONVENEDPANEL7|Dissemination,ContestationandMediationofKnowledgebetweenAsiaandtheWestConferenceRoom6THEMATICSESSION2|Translation,Gender,SexualityConferenceRoom713.
00-14.
15LUNCHThePioneerRoom14.
45-16.
00ParallelIVCONVENEDPANEL5(2/2)|Data-drivenConceptualHistoryThePioneerTheatreCONVENEDPANEL8|ScienceandTranslationasCulturallyEmbeddedPracticesConferenceRoom5THEMATICSESSION3|TranslationandPoliticalThoughtConferenceRoom6THEMATICSESSION4|TranslatingMedicalKnowledgeConferenceRoom716.
00-16.
20COFFEEBREAKThePioneerRoom16.
20-17.
35KEYNOTE4–EDWARDBARING,DrewUniversity,USAWhat'sContinentalaboutContinentalPhilosophyThePioneerTheatre19.
00CONFERENCEDINNERLeaderSuiteGenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts9Saturday9December201708.
45-09.
00REGISTRATIONTheCottonTheatre09.
00-10.
15KEYNOTE5–THEOHERMANS,UniversityCollegeLondon,UKEntangledKnowledge:EarlyModernTranslationintheJesuitMissionsandtheLowCountriesTheCottonTheatre10.
15-10.
45COFFEEBREAKThePioneerRoom10.
45-13.
00ParallelVCONVENEDPANEL9|GenealogiesofKnowledgeTheCottonTheatreCONVENEDPANEL10(1/2)|TranslationandHealthHumanitiesConferenceRoom5THEMATICSESSION5|TranslatingDisciplinaryKnowledgeConferenceRoom6THEMATICSESSION6|TranslatingConceptsConferenceRoom713.
00-14.
15LUNCHThePioneerRoom14.
15-15.
30ParallelVITHEMATICSESSION7|TranslationalPerspectives:Corpus-andDatabase-drivenInsightsTheCottonTheatreCONVENEDPANEL10(2/2)|TranslationandHealthHumanitiesConferenceRoom5THEMATICSESSION8|TranslationalPerspectives:NegotiatingHierarchiesConferenceRoom6THEMATICSESSION9|TranslatingHomosexualityConferenceRoom715.
30-15.
50COFFEEBREAKThePioneerRoom15.
50-17.
05KEYNOTE6–CRISTINAD'ANCONA,UniversityofPisa,ItalyPlotinusfromBaghdadtoShiraz(andIstanbul)TheCottonTheatre17.
05-17.
20CLOSINGREMARKSTheCottonTheatreGenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts10GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts11GenealogiesofKnowledgeITranslatingPoliticalandScientificThoughtacrossTimeandSpaceDetailedProgrammeThursday7December08.
30-09.
30Registration(Refreshmentsavailable)ThePendulum09.
30-09.
45OpeningandWelcomeRoyGibson,MonaBaker,LuisPérez-GonzálezThePioneerTheatre09.
45-11.
00KeynoteSession1Chair:StephenTodd|ThePioneerTheatreRobertWisnovsky|McGillUniversity,CanadaCommentaries,TranslationandPhilosophicalChange:TheCaseofGreek-into-Arabic11.
00-11.
30CoffeeBreakThePioneerRoom11.
30-13.
15ParallelSessions(I)ConvenedPanel1(1/2)ThePioneerTheatreTranslatingTranslationConvergenceandDivergenceofTranslationacrossEpistemicandCulturalBoundaries:TranslationAcrossMedicalCulturesConvenor:Johndemark|UniversityofOslo,Norway11.
30-11.
35Introduction11.
35-12.
05TranslatingTranslation–ExpandingtheKnowledgeTranslationMetaphorEivindEngebretsen&Johndemark|UniversityofOslo,Norway12.
05-12.
35TranslationorIntermediationGuidelinesversusMindlinesSietseWieringa|UniversityofOslo,Norway|UniversityofOxford,UK12.
35-13.
05TranslatingEpidemics:CrossCulturalEncountersandtheProblemofCausationTonySandset|UniversityofOslo,Norway13.
05-13.
15DiscussionGenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts12ConvenedPanel2ConferenceRoom5TheMagicof'Classical'LanguagesScript,SoundandSenseintheTranslationofSacredConceptsConvenor:HephzibahIsrael|UniversityofEdinburgh,UK11.
30-11.
35Introduction11.
35-12.
05ConstructingaCounter-hegemonicBerberIdentitythroughTranslation:TheRoleofScriptChoicesinThreeTamazightVersionsoftheHolyQuranEmanAlkroud|UniversityofManchester,UK12.
05-12.
35TranslatingtheGreekNewTestament:Sacred-soundingExpectationsJamesMaxey|NidaSchoolofTranslationStudies,USA12.
35-13.
05NegotiatingChristian'Sacredness'intheLanguageoftheQuran:TwoTranslationsoftheGospelsinArabicSamehHanna|UniversityofLeeds,UK13.
05-13.
15DiscussionThematicSession1ConferenceRoom6TranslationandConceptualResearchintheSocialSciencesChair:MaríaCalzada-Pérez|UniversitatJaumeI,CastellódelaPlana,Spain11.
30-11.
35Introduction11.
35-12.
05WhatDoYouMean,'Ideology'Data-drivenConceptAnalysisBasedonFrameSemanticsMihaelvitek|TechnicalUniversityDresden,Germany12.
05-12.
35ZiyaGkalp'sViewsontheProductionofSociologyandScientificTerminologyinTurkishTanselDemirel|BogaziiUniversity,Turkey12.
35-13.
05RedefiningIn-Translation:TheTranslationandIntroductionofSocialSciencesduringtheArgentineexileinMexico(1976-1983)TaniaP.
Hernández-Hernández|ElColegiodeMéxico–CátedrasCONACyT,Mexico13.
05-13.
15Discussion13.
15-14.
30LunchThePioneerRoom14.
30-15.
45KeynoteSession2Chair:LuisPérez-González|ThePioneerTheatreMarianneMaeckelbergh|LeidenUniversity,NetherlandsThePracticeofUnknowing:KnowledgeConstructionandDeconstructioninSocialMovementNetworksGenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts1315.
45-16.
00CoffeeBreakThePioneerRoom16.
00-17.
45ParallelSessions(II)ConvenedPanel1(2/2)ThePioneerTheatreTranslatingTranslationConvergenceandDivergenceofTranslationacrossEpistemicandCulturalBoundaries–TranslatingBodies:BetweenCulturalandOntologicalTurnsConvenor:Johndemark|UniversityofOslo,Norway16.
00-16.
05Introduction16.
05-16.
35MistranslatingBodies,ConstructingCultures–TranslationBetweenCulturalandOntologicalTurnsJohndemark|UniversityofOslo,Norway16.
35-17.
05EvangelizationasCulturalTranslation:TheCaseofEarlyModernJesuitsAntjeFlüchter|UniversittBielefeld,Germany17.
05-17.
35FromCuratoCare–CulturalTranslationandOntologicalBifurcationClemetAskheim|InlandNorwayUniversityofAppliedSciences/UniversityofOslo,Norway17.
35-17.
45DiscussionConvenedPanel3ConferenceRoom5SeamsofKnowledgeGeology,TranslationandAnglo-EuropeanScientificExchangeConvenor:AlisonE.
Martin|UniversityofReading,UK16.
00-16.
05Introduction16.
05-16.
35Knowledge-making,AnnotationandExpertise:LeopoldvonBuch'sTravelsthroughNorwayandLaplandAlisonE.
Martin|UniversityofReading,UK16.
35-17.
05"Lesopinionslesplusaccréditéesparmilesgéologuesanglais"TranslatingHenrydelaBeche'sGeologicalManualfortheContinentalMarketSusanPickford|UniversitéParis-Sorbonne,France17.
05-17.
35'MenofLiberalMinds':R.
E.
Raspe'sMineralogicalTranslationsandtheirAspiredAudienceinLateEighteenth-centuryBritainLauraTarkka-Robinson|UniversityofHelsinki,Finland17.
35-17.
45DiscussionGenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts14ConvenedPanel4ConferenceRoom6ScientificTranslationDuringtheColdWarPerspectivesfromthePeripheriesConvenor:JanSurman|HSEMoscow,Russia|IFKVienna,Austria16.
00-16.
05Introduction16.
05-16.
35BetweenNation,BlocandScientificCommunity:TranslationPoliciesintheSovietBlocJanSurman|HSEMoscow,Russia/IFKVienna,Austria16.
35-17.
05TranslationasaMeansofCommunicationwithinaPoliticalSocietyPhilippHofeneder|UniversityofGraz,Austria17.
05-17.
35APrivilegedPositionThePlaceofMathematicsinColdWarScientificExchangeChristopherHollings|UniversityofOxford,UK17.
35-17.
45Discussion18.
00WineReceptionThePendulumGenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts15Friday8December08.
45-09.
00Registration(Refreshmentsavailable)ThePendulum09.
00-10.
15KeynoteSession3Chair:MonaBaker|ThePioneerTheatreEivindEngebretsen|UniversityofOslo,NorwayKnowledgeTranslation(KT)asBio-textualCrossings10.
15-10.
45CoffeeBreakThePioneerRoom10.
45-13.
00ParallelSessions(III)ConvenedPanel5(1/2)ThePioneerTheatreData-drivenConceptualHistoryNewMethodsandApproachesConvenors:PimHuijnen&JaapVerheul|UtrechtUniversity,Netherlands10.
45-10.
50Introduction10.
50-11.
20ConceptsandConceptionsinDigitalHistoryJorisvanEijnatten|UtrechtUniversity,Netherlands11.
20-11.
50DiacolloandDieGrenzboten:ExploringDiachronicCollocationsinaHistoricalGermanNewspaperCorpusBryanJurish|Berlin-BrandenburgAcademyofSciencesandHumanities,GermanyThomasWerneke|CentreforContemporaryHistoryPotsdam,GermanyMaretNielnder|GeorgEckertInstituteforInternationalTextbookResearch,Germany11.
50-12.
20ConceptualChange:SomeChallengesofModellingTimewithHistoricalDataSusanFitzmaurice,IonaC.
Hine&SethMehl|UniversityofSheffield,UK12.
20-12.
50UsingWordEmbeddingstoStudyConceptualChangeinHistoricalNewspapersPimHuijnen&JaapVerheul|UtrechtUniversity,Netherlands12.
50-13.
00DiscussionConvenedPanel6ConferenceRoom5LinguaFrancasofKnowledgeConvenor:KarenBennett|UniversidadeNovaLisbon,Portugal10.
45-10.
50Introduction10.
50-11.
20TheConstructionof'Sacredness'andPietyinIslamicRussianGulnazSibgatullina|LeidenUniversity,NetherlandsGenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts1611.
20-11.
50PortugueseasaLanguageofKnowledgeintheContextofthePadroado('Patronage')ofAsia,15th-17thCenturiesKarenBennett|UniversidadeNovaLisbon,Portugal11.
50-12.
20SouthernMediterraneanTradeOutlets:Malta,ASuccessionofMajorLanguages,andtheEmergenceofaVernacularClareVassallo|UniversityofMalta,Malta12.
20-12.
40DiscussionConvenedPanel7ConferenceRoom6Dissemination,ContestationandMediationofKnowledgeBetweenAsiaandtheWestConvenors:KyungHyeKim,DangLi&YifanZhu|JiaoTongBakerCentreforTranslationandInterculturalStudies,ShanghaiJiaoTongUniversity,China10.
45-10.
50Introduction10.
50-11.
20IntroducingtheEasttotheWestthroughaCupofTea:OkakuraKakuzō'sTheBookofTeaanditsTranslationsDangLi|JiaoTongBakerCentreforTranslationandInterculturalStudies,ShanghaiJiaoTongUniversity,China11.
20-11.
50RethinkingKnowledgethroughtheEarlyEnglishTranslationsofZhuXi'sStudyoflǐ理I-HsinChen|ChineseUniversityofHongKong,SARHongKong11.
50-12.
20IndividualismontheMove:Redefining'Individualism'inChinaYifanZhu&KyungHyeKim|JiaoTongBakerCentreforTranslationandInterculturalStudies,ShanghaiJiaoTongUniversity,China12.
20-12.
50AgainsttheEurocentric'Mapping'ofChinesePhilosophicalTerms:TheUsesofLiteralismandTransliterationLeoTak-hungChan|LingnanUniversity,SARHongKong12.
50-13.
00DiscussionThematicSession2ConferenceRoom7Translation,Gender,SexualityChair:FruelaFernández|UniversityofNewcastle,UK10.
45-10.
50Introduction10.
50-11.
20ATaleofTwoTranslations:ReinterpretingBeauvoirinJapan,1953-1997JuliaC.
Bullock|EmoryUniversity,Atlanta,USA11.
20-11.
50Translatingin'BadFaith'ArticulationsofBeauvoir's'MauvaiseFoi'inEnglishPaulineHenry-Tierney|UniversityofNewcastle,UKGenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts1711.
50-12.
20ThinkingSexuality/TranslatingPolitics:Queernessin(to)PolishPrzemysawUciński|UniversityofWarsaw,Poland12.
20-12.
50TranslationandtheFailureofGenderMainstreaminginPolandAgnieszkaPantuchowicz|UniversityofSocialSciencesandHumanities,Warsaw,Poland12.
50-13.
00Discussion13.
00-14.
15LunchThePioneerRoom14.
15-16.
00ParallelSessions(IV)ConvenedPanel5(2/2)ThePioneerTheatreData-drivenConceptualHistoryNewMethodsandApproachesConvenors:PimHuijnen&JaapVerheul|UtrechtUniversity,Netherlands14.
15-14.
20Introduction14.
20-14.
50TheHistoricConceptofAddiction:UsingQuantitativeTextualAnalysistoTracetheMeaningandUseof'Addict'inEarlyModernEnglishJoseMurgatroydCree|UniversityofSheffield,UK14.
50-15.
20SemanticFieldsandEmotionalConceptsinFidelCastroSpeechesLauraV.
Sández|VillanovaUniversity,USA15.
20-15.
50WhatisaJustPunishmentThePunishmentofCollaboratorsintheNetherlands,1945-1975RalfFutselaar|NIOD/ErasmusUniversity,Rotterdam,Netherlands&MilanvanLange|NIOD/UtrechtUniversity,Netherlands15.
50-16.
00DiscussionConvenedPanel8ConferenceRoom5ScienceandTranslationasCulturallyEmbeddedPracticesConvenor:MaeveOlohan|UniversityofManchester,UK14.
15-14.
20Introduction14.
20-14.
50FromCentretoPeriphery:AppropriationofAnglophonePopularScienceinGreeceSofiaMalamatidou|UniversityofBirmigham,UK14.
50-15.
20TheLanguageofAnimalWelfareandAnimalRightsMyriamSalama-Carr|UniversityofManchester,UK15.
20-15.
50WikipediaScienceArticlesasCulturallyEmbeddedDiscoursePracticesMaeveOlohan|UniversityofManchester,UK15.
50-16.
00DiscussionGenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts18ThematicSession3ConferenceRoom6TranslationandPoliticalThoughtChair:MarianneMaeckelbergh|LeidenUniversity,Netherlands14.
15-14.
20Introduction14.
20-14.
50Gate-keeping,TranslationandRe-evaluationinCriticalTheory:McKenzieWarkandPoliticalThoughtJonathanEvans|UniversityofPortsmouth,UK14.
50-15.
20Translation,OppositionandAppropriationinPost-2011SpanishPoliticsFruelaFernández|UniversityofNewcastle,UK15.
20-15.
50CollaborationintheTranslationoftheSelectedWorksofMarxandEngelsChristinaDelistathi|Birbeck,UniversityofLondon,UK15.
50-16.
00DiscussionThematicSession4ConferenceRoom7TranslatingMedicalKnowledgeChair:KyungHyeKim|JiaoTongBakerCentreforTranslationandInterculturalStudies,ShanghaiJiaoTongUniversity,China14.
15-14.
20Introduction14.
20-14.
50RethinkingKoreanTranslationof'Western'MedicalKnowledgeintheLate19thandEarly20thCenturyJi-HaeKang|AjouUniversity,RepublicofKorea14.
50-15.
20Translation,Transmission,Transformation:DiachronicDevelopmentofBrainAnatomyinGreco-ArabicMedicineShahrzadIrannejad|JohannesGutenbergUniversity,Mainz,Germany15.
20-15.
50FromVenicetoEurope:TranslatingMedicalSecretsinEarlyModernEuropeJuliaMartins|TheWarburgInstitute,UK15.
50-16.
00Discussion16.
00-16.
20CoffeeBreakThePioneerRoom16.
20-17.
35KeynoteSession4Chair:MaeveOlohan|ThePioneerTheatreEdwardBaring|DrewUniversity,USAWhat'sContinentalaboutContinentalPhilosophy19.
00CONFERENCEDINNERLeaderSuiteGenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts19Saturday9December08.
45-09.
00Registration(Refreshmentsavailable)TheCottonTheatre09.
00-10.
15KeynoteSession5Chair:HenryJones|TheCottonTheatreTheoHermans|UniversityCollegeLondon,UKEntangledKnowledge:EarlyModernTranslationintheJesuitMissionsandintheLowCountries10.
15-10.
45CoffeeBreakThePioneerRoom10.
45-13.
00ParallelSessions(V)ConvenedPanel9TheCottonTheatreGenealogiesofKnowledgeConvenor:LuisPérez-González|UniversityofManchester,UK10.
45-10.
50Introduction10.
50-11.
20RenarratingThucydides,DemocracyandCitizenship:TowardsaCorpus-basedAnalysisofClassicalRetranslationsinNineteenth-centuryBritainHenryJones|UniversityofManchester,UK11.
20-11.
50ConcordancingDiscord:OnlineAlternativeMediaandtheVocabularyofDemocracyJanButs|UniversityofManchester,UK11.
50-12.
20TranslatingSymptoms,SymptomsofTranslation:MedievalandModernApproachestoTranslatingHippocraticTextsKamranKarimullah|UniversityofManchester,UK12.
20-12.
50OnlineAnalysisandVisualizationofMulti-facetedTextualCorporaSaturninoLuz|UniversityofEdinburgh,UK12.
50-13.
00DiscussionConvenedPanel10(1/2)ConferenceRoom5TranslationandHealthHumanitiesTheRoleofTranslatedPersonalNarrativesintheCo-creationofMedicalKnowledgeConvenor:ebnemSusam-Saraeva|UniversityofEdinburgh,UK10.
45-10.
50Introduction10.
50-11.
20TranslatingBirthStoriesasPersonalNarrativesandTestimoniesebnemSusam-Saraeva|UniversityofEdinburgh,UK11.
20-11.
50Translating"De-medicalized"FeministKnowledgeonBodyandSexualityMichelaBaldo|UniversityofHull,UKGenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts2011.
50-12.
20MorethanaBattle:InterculturalandInterlingualIssuesintheUseofMetaphorsintheNarrativesofYoungCancerSurvivorsLucíaSapia|UniversitatdeValència,SpainVicentMontalt|UniversitatJaumeI,CastellódelaPlana,SpainMartíDomínguez|UniversitatdeValència,Spain12.
20-12.
30DiscussionThematicSession5ConferenceRoom6TranslatingDisciplinaryKnowledgeChair:KarenBennett|UniversidadeNovaLisbon,Portugal10.
45-10.
50Introduction10.
50-11.
20TheCirculationofIdeasataGeopoliticalCrossroads:TranslatingChina'sProductionintheHumanitiesandSocialSciencesManuelPavón-Belizón|UniversitatObertadeCatalunya,Spain11.
20-11.
50MathematicsatLeidenAfter1600:Latin,DutchandArabicGerhardWiesenfeldt|UniversityofMelbourne,Australia11.
50-12.
20DisruptingBinariesinHIV/AIDSResearch:HowWeWentfromFataltoChronicandfrom'Positive/Negative'to'Dectectable/Undetectable'TonySandset|UniversityofOslo,Norway12.
20-12.
30DiscussionThematicSession6ConferenceRoom7TranslatingConceptsChair:SamehHanna|UniversityofLeeds,UK10.
45-10.
50Introduction10.
50-11.
20ThePoliticsofTranslation–TheDiscoveryofWalterBenjamininChinaNannanLiu|UniversityofMainz,Germany11.
20-11.
50TheUnifyingPowerofaConcept:LinkingPolitics,LiteratureandTranslationSeyhanBozkurtJobanputra|YeditepeUniversity,Turkey11.
50-12.
20TheConstructionofNationalistConceptsinArabicBenjaminGeer|UniversityofBasel,Switzerland12.
20-12.
50TheConstructionofRadicalISISCaliphateConceptsthroughTranslationSamiaBazzi|LebaneseUniversity,Beirut,Lebanon12.
50-13.
00Discussion13.
00-14.
15LunchThePioneerRoomGenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts2114.
15-15.
30ParallelSessions(VI)ThematicSession7TheCottonTheatreTranslationalPerspectivesCorpus-andDatabase-drivenInsightsChair:MyriamSalama-Carr|UniversityofManchester,UK14.
15-14.
20Introduction14.
20-14.
50Corpus-basedGenealogiesofKnowlegeMaríaCalzada-Pérez|UniversitatJaumeI,CastellóndelaPlana,Spain)14.
50-15.
20Translator-InterpretersintheEvangelizationoftheNewSpain:AnInterdisciplinaryApproachKrisztinaZimányi|UniversidaddeGuanajuato,MexicoVerónicaMurilloGallegos&AnnaMariaD'Amore|UniversidadAutónomadeZacatecas,Mexico15.
20-15.
30DiscussionConvenedPanel10(2/2)ConferenceRoom5TranslationandHealthHumanitiesTheRoleofTranslatedPersonalNarrativesintheCo-creationofMedicalKnowledgeConvenor:ebnemSusam-Saraeva|UniversityofEdinburgh,UK14.
15-14.
20Introduction14.
20-14.
50IntersectionalNarrativesonSexualityandRelationshipsTranslatedfromtheUStoQuebec:TheCaseofOurBodies,OurselvesNesrineBessah|UniversityofOttawa,Canada14.
50-15.
20TranslatingFeminismin'Systems':TheRepresentationofWomen'sSexualandReproductiveHealthandRightsintheChineseTranslationofOurBodies,OurselvesBoyaLi|UniversityofOttawa,Canada15.
20-15.
30DiscussionThematicSession8ConferenceRoom6TranslationalPerspectives:NegotiatingHierarchiesChair:ChristinaDelistathi|Birbeck,UniversityofLondon,UK14.
15-14.
20Introduction14.
20-14.
50RepositioningHegel's'Master-Slave'Narrativeinthe'FreeWorld'DavidCharlston|UniversityofManchester,UK14.
50-15.
20Media,TranslationandtheConstructionoftheMuslimImage:ANarrativePerspectiveAhmedEliman|UniversityofLeicester,UK15.
20-15.
30DiscussionGenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts22ThematicSession9ConferenceRoom7TranslatingHomosexualityChair:PrzemysawUciński|UniversityofWarsaw,Poland14.
15-14.
20Introduction14.
20-14.
50FanTranslationandChineseUndergroundQueerScreenCulture:QAFandTheWeekend(2011)inChinaTingGuo|UniversityofExeter,UKJonathanEvans|UniversityofPortsmouth,UK14.
50-15.
20TheComingOutofVelvetRevolution:TranslationandtheConceptualizationofHomosexualityinPost-communistCzechoslovakiaEvaSpiiaková|UniversityofEdinburgh,UK15.
20-15.
30Discussion15.
30-15.
50CoffeeBreakThePioneerRoom15.
50-17.
05KeynoteSession6Chair:KamranKarimullah|TheCottonTheatreCristinaD'Ancona|UniversityofPisa,ItalyPlotinusfromBaghdadtoShiraz(andIstanbul)17.
05-17.
20ClosingRemarksTheCottonTheatreGenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts23Abstracts|Keynotes(alphabetically)IGenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts24EdwardBaringDrewUniversity,USAWhat'sContinentalaboutContinentalPhilosophyTheterm'ContinentalPhilosophy'hidesahistoricalenigmainplainsight.
Itdrawsourattentiontothestrikingintellectualconvergencesinthe1950sand60sbetweenthinkersfromacrossEurope.
InGermany,Spain,France,Italy,andelsewherephilosophersdebatedphenomenologicalideasanddeclaredthemselvesexistentialists.
Butthetransnationalconnectionsbetweenthesephilosopherscontraststarklywiththeparochialandinward-lookingnatureofthephilosophicalinstitutionstheyinhabited:Universitycurriculaprioritizednationalphilosophicaltraditions;academiccareerswerebuiltonparticipationinlocaldebates;whilepublisherswerenotoriouslyslowtotranslateeventhephilosophicalluminariesofothercountries.
Inaddition,phenomenologyandexistentialismwerebothcloselyassociatedwithGermany,anationwhoseinfluencewasotherwiseatalowebbintheyearsfollowingWorldWarII.
Giventhesebarriers,howwerephenomenologyanditsexistentialistheirsabletospreadoutsideofGermanyandfindfertilegroundinnewlandsThatis,howwassomethinglikea'ContinentalPhilosophy'possibleInmytalk,Iexaminetheearlyhistoryofphenomenologyandexistentialismtoexplainhowthesephilosophiestravelledtonewcontextsinthe1930sand40s.
Thisexaminationhighlightstheroleofwhatcouldbeconsideredanearlierformofcontinentalphilosophy:neo-scholasticism.
Bystudyingthewaysinwhichneo-scholasticsencouragedthedevelopmentofphenomenologyincountriesacrossEuropeandindeedtheworld,fromthepublicationofphilosophicalintroductions,translations,andtheorganizationofconferences,totherescueoftheHusserlarchivesfromtheNazisinthelead-uptotheSecondWorldWar,Ireflectonwhatitmeanstotalkabout'ContinentalPhilosophy,'andtheimplicationsthishasforthetransnationalintellectualhistoryofthetwentiethcentury.
EdwardBaringisAssociateProfessorofModernEuropeanHistoryatDrewUniversity,inMadisonNJ.
HeistheauthorofTheYoungDerridaandFrenchPhilosophy,1945-1968(CambridgeUniversityPress,2011),whichwontheMorrisD.
ForkoschPrize(2011),awardedbytheJournaloftheHistoryofIdeasforthebestbookinintellectualhistory,andhaswrittenanumberofarticlesonmodernEuropeanintellectualhistoryforCriticalInquiry,ModernIntellectualHistory,JournaloftheHistoryofIdeas,andNewGermanCritique,amongstothers.
His2014article'Nemeraconteplusd'histoires:DerridaandtheProblemoftheHistoryofPhilosophy',inHistoryandTheory,wasthejointwinneroftheSocietyforFrenchStudiesMalcolmBowiePrizeforthebestarticlebyanearly-careerresearcherinFrench.
HeiscurrentlyworkingonaEurope-widehistoryofphenomenology,forwhichhewasawardedaJohnSimonGuggenheimFellowshipin2015.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts25CristinaD'AnconaUniversityofPisa,ItalyPlotinusfromBaghdadtoShiraz(andIstanbul)DuetoitsspreadacrosstheintellectualcirclesoftheMuslimworldinthepost-classicalage,bothintheOttomanandtheSafavidempires,theso-calledTheologyofAristotlecountsasatellingexampleofthepoweroftranslationincreatingconceptualspacesthatexertedenormousinfluenceonmedievalIslamicphilosophicalandtheologicaldiscourse.
ThoughattributedtoAristotle,theTheologyofAristotleis,infact,areworkingofsomeofPlotinus'(ca.
270)treatises,whichwerelaterpublishedastheEnneadsbyPlotinus'mostfamousstudentPorphyry(ca.
305).
Inparticular,theEnneads,BooksFour,FiveandSix,dealwiththesoul,theintelligibleworldandtheFirstPrinciple,respectively.
ThesethreebooksweretranslatedinBaghdadintheninthcentury.
The'adaptive'translationwas,inturn,reshapedintoacompletelynewform,purportingtobea'theological'treatisepennedbyAristotlehimselfinordertoprovidethecrowningpartofhisMetaphysics.
Theconstructionofthispseudo-Aristoteliantextwascarriedoutwithinal-Kindī'sschool(ca.
873).
Thereisevidencethatthispseudo-Aristotelianversionwasincirculationandconsideredaliterarytextasearlyastheendofthetenthcentury.
Yettheearliestdatedmanuscriptscanonlybetracedbacktothesecondhalfofthesixteenthcentury,andthegreatmajorityofthembelongtotheseventeenthcentury.
AnERC(EuropeanResearchCouncil)fundedprojectissheddingmorelightonthereasonswhythiskeytextproducedbyal-Kindī'scircleintheninthcenturybecameasortofbestsellerinthephilosophicalcirclesofseventeenth-centuryPersiaandtheOttomanEmpire.
Drawingonthefindingsofthisproject,thepresentationwillexaminesomeofthewaysinwhichPlotinus'treatiseswerereshapedinninth-centuryBaghdad,aswellashowthistextwasreceivedandregainedpopularityinSafavidPersia(1501-1760)andatthecourtofMehmedtheConqueror(1444-1446,1451-1481).
CristinaD'AnconaisProfessorofHistoryofLateAntiqueandArabicPhilosophyattheDepartmentofCiviltàeFormedelSapere,UniversityofPisa,Italy.
HerfieldofresearchisNeoplatonism,bothinitselfandforitsinfluenceonMedievalPhilosophy,ArabicandLatin.
ShehaspublishedextensivelyonPlotinusandtheArabicworksderivedfromPlotinusandProclus.
Between2010and2015sheactedasPrincipalInvestigatorontheERCIdeasProgramAdvancedGrantGreekintoArabic.
PhilosophicalConceptsandLinguisticBridges.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts26EivindEngebretsenUniversityofOslo,NorwayKnowledgeTranslation(KT)asBio-textualCrossings'Knowledgetranslation'(KT)hasbecomeabuzzwordinmodernmedicine.
Inthemedicalcontext,translationisconceivedofasaprocessoftestingandsynthetizingscientificknowledgeproducedinthelaboratorytoprepareitforsoundclinicalapplicationandscientificallywarrantedhealthcare.
InthispaperIwillarguethattheconceptofKThingesuponanunderstandingofknowledgeastranscendenttothetextualandmaterialprocessesinwhichtheknowledgeisproduced.
Hence,knowledgeisseenasdetachedfromits'bio-text',i.
e.
thelife-givingreferentialspacewheretheknowledgecomesintobeing.
Inmanyways,KTreflectsanincreasedconcernwithtargetaudiencesinmedicinebyacknowledgingthatthetransferenceofknowledgefromlaboratorytoclinicnecessitates'adaptationtolocalcontext'(Grahametal.
2006).
However,theKTstrategyforobtainingthisistodissociatethe'evidence'(asatranscendentalsignifiedor'goldstandard')fromitsbio-textualformsofproduction(e.
g.
miceexperimentsandresearchreportsfrombasicscience)andthen'reactivate'itinanewcontextualsetting(e.
g.
clinicalpractice)throughthemobilizationofadifferentsetofsubstances,technologiesandtextualgenres(trialsonhumans,clinicalguidelinerecommendationsetc.
).
Hence,thecontextualadaptationinvolvedinKTisbasedonthepossibilityfora'detextualization'ofthescientificmessage.
Iwillchallengethispresuppositionbyarguingthatitisonlybyconsideringknowledgeasanimmanentpartofitsbio-textualformsofproductionthatitbecomestranslatable.
IwilldevelopmyargumentindialoguewithJ.
DerridaandJ.
Kristeva'srespectivereadingsoftwodifferentmythsthattheyrelatetothequestionoftranslationandculturalcrossings:Derrida's(1985)readingin/ofToursdeBabelandKristeva's(2012)readingofthemythofCura.
BothKristevaandDerridademonstrate–althoughinsingularmannersandthroughthe'translation'ofdifferentmythologies–theimpossibilityof'detextualizing'the'transcendentalsignified'fromitsbio-textualformsofproduction.
ThroughhisreadingoftheBabelstory,DerridashowshowtheShemites'attempttomakeatranscendent'nameforthemselves'provokesGod's'deconstructionofthetower,asoftheuniversallanguage'.
Theirstrivingfortranscendencepervertsintoconfusion.
Andwhatismore,God,thedeconstructor,byimposinghisname,risksconfusinghispropernamewithacommonnoun('confusion').
Byintroducinghisnameintotheworlditentersintoaplayofdifference;itbecomesproductiveandtextualized.
InKristeva'sreadingoftheCuramythinwhichthegoddessCurashapesmanfromapieceofclaytheactofnaminghercreationintroducesanontologicalstruggle(betweenCura,JoveandTerra)aboutthepossessionofthehumanbeing.
Moreover,thisstruggle(whichissettledbySaturn)resultsinanontologicalsplitbetweenthecreationandtheunityascribedtoitthroughapropername.
Itcreatesademarcationbetweentheprocessofhealing/comingintobeing/signifying'withtwistsandturnsintime'thatCurarepresentsandhealthas'definitivestate'(atranscendentalsignified)enforcedthroughtheactofnaming.
WithDerrida'sBabelandKristeva'sCuraas'intertexts'IwillarguethatKTcannotproclaimunity–atranscendentalgoldstandardofevidence–withoutunderminingitsownprojectandwithoutcreatingontologicalconflictsbetweenhealingandhealth,cureandcare,soulandbody,biosandzoe,truthandmythetc.
KnowledgecannotbedetachedfromthetextualplayofdifferencesthatBabelsymbolizesorthedurativeprocessofcomingintobeingrepresentedbyCura.
Knowledgehasnotranscendentstatusbutisanimmanentandintegralpartofatextualandhealingproductivity–a'bio-text'.
Inconclusion,Iarguethatknowledgecanonlytranslateasbio-text,as'trace'ofasingulardifferenceandformofproduction.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts27ReferencesDerrida,J.
(1985)'DesToursdeBabel',inJ.
F.
Graham(ed.
)DifferenceinTranslation,IthacaandLondon:CornellUniversityPress,165-207.
Graham,I.
D.
,J.
Logan,M.
B.
Harrison,etal.
(2006)'LostinKnowledgeTranslation:Timeforamap',JournalofContinuingEducationintheHealthProfessions26(1):13-24.
Kristeva,J.
(2012)HatredandForgiveness,NewYork:ColumbiaUniversityPress.
EivindEngebretsenisProfessorofMedicalEpistemologyandResearchDirector(asthefirstwithahumansciencebackground)attheFacultyofMedicine,UniversityofOslo,Norway.
Hiscurrentresearchisconcernedwiththediscourseof'knowledgetranslation'withinmedicine,itsdifferentgenealogiesandhowitmightbeexpandedbydrawingontheoriesoftranslationfromlinguistics,philosophyandanthropology.
HeleadstheresearchgroupKNOWIT–KnowledgeinTranslation.
Engebretsen'soriginalityasaresearcherliesinhisabilityto'bridgethegap'betweenthemedicalandthehumansciencesandtoengagewithacademicdiscoursesinbothfields.
Hehaspublishedinleadingjournalsinmedicine(e.
g.
TheLancetandtheBritishMedicalJournal)andthehumanities(e.
g.
SocialHistory)andcollaboratedwithinfluentialscholarsinbothdisciplines,includingtheFrench-BulgarianphilosopherandpsychoanalystJuliaKristeva,theOxfordacademicandphysicianTrishaGreenhalgh,andtheHarvardanthropologistandphysicianPaulFarmer.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts28TheoHermansUniversityCollegeLondon,UKEntangledKnowledgeEarlyModernTranslationintheJesuitMissionsandintheLowCountriesMypaperexploresthewaysinwhichknowledgechangesasitisappropriatedthroughtranslation.
Ifocusontwocasesfromthesixteenthandseventeenthcenturies,andbasemyapproachonmaterialsemiotics.
Translationaffectstheknowledgebeingtransmittedbecauseitisconditionedbyimmediate,localconcernsandresources.
TheJesuitmissionaryendeavour,thefirsttrulyglobalenterprise,involvedtranslationintoarangeoflanguagesandcoverednotonlyreligionbutalsopracticalknowledgeputtolocaluse.
ItalsoentailedtranslationintoEuropeanlanguages,conveyingforeignknowledgestailoredtofittheJesuitagenda.
TheEarlyModernLowCountriesappearasasimilarlymultilingualmicrocosmwherevernacularsjostlewithLatin.
Here,Latinacademicknowledgeadaptstolocalcircumstancesandthecommonlanguagetoservepracticalneeds.
Inturn,Dutchexpansionoverseascontendswithissuesandopportunitiesofitsown,asattestedbytheconstantsearchforreliableinterpreters.
Foralltheirdifferences,bothcasesshowtranslatedknowledgeasinvariablylocalised,andasemergentratherthanasaninvariant.
TheoHermanswaseducatedattheuniversitiesofGhent(Belgium),Essex(M.
A.
)andWarwick(Ph.
D.
).
HeiscurrentlyDirectoroftheCentreforTranslationStudies(CenTraS)andProfessorofDutchandComparativeLiteratureatUniversityCollegeLondon(UCL).
Hismainresearchinterestsconcernthetheoryandhistoryoftranslation.
HeeditstheseriesTranslationTheoriesExplored,publishedbyRoutledge.
HewritesinbothEnglishandDutch.
HisbooksinEnglishincludeTheStructureofModernistPoetry(1982),TranslationinSystems(1999)andTheConferenceoftheTongues(2007).
HeiseditorofTheManipulationofLiterature(1985),TheFlemishMovement(1992),CrossculturalTransgressions(2002),TranslatingOthers(2vols,2006)andALiteraryHistoryoftheLowCountries(2009).
HeisamemberoftheRoyalFlemishAcademy,anHonoraryResearchFellowintheUniversityofManchester'sCentreforTranslationandInterculturalStudies,andanAdjunctProfessorattheChineseUniversityofHongKong,Shenzhen(China).
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts29MarianneMaeckelberghLeidenUniversity,NetherlandsThePracticeofUnknowingKnowledgeConstructionandDeconstructioninSocialMovementNetworksInthispaperIexplorealternativeapproachesto'knowing'withintransnationalsocialmovementswithspecificattentiontohowtheseknowledgepracticesimpactourunderstandingofdemocracy.
SpecificallyIwilladdressatrajectoryofknowledgepracticesfromthetransnationalalterglobalizationmovement(early2000s)totheOccupymovementsinEuropeandtheUS(2010s)totoday'santi-racistandanti-fascistmovementsintheUS.
Fourassumptionsaboutknowledgefoundwithinthealterglobalizationmovementwillbethestartingpointforthediscussionofthistrajectory:firstistheideathatknowledgeiscollectivelyconstructed.
Second,thatknowledgeiscontextspecific,partialandprovisional.
Third,thatadistinctionmustbemadebetweenknowingsomethingandknowingbetter.
Andfinally,theideathatignoranceisuseful.
Ishowhoweachoftheseknowledgepracticesdivergesfrom'standard'assumptionsaboutknowledgeandraisesimportantquestionsaboutthestatusoftruth,perspective,powerandexpertise.
Thesealternativepracticesofknowingarepartofapoliticalstruggletoreclaimtherighttoknowfromthosewhohavelongmonopolizedtheauthoritytosanctifyknowledgeandwhohaveinsistedthatknowledgeisaunitaryand(insomerespects)universalphenomenon,therebydelegitimizingallotherwaysofknowing.
Finally,Icriticallyexaminetheseknowledgepracticesinlightofmorerecentmovementknowledgepracticeswhicharetakingplacewithinamorepolarizedpoliticalclimate.
Iplacemovementknowledgepracticeswithintheirbroaderpoliticalcontexttoexploretheconsequencesofvariousapproachestoknowledgeforhowweenvisionthebodypolitic,thenation-state,equality,conflict,deliberationandthepotentialforsocialchange.
MarianneMaeckelberghisAssociateProfessorinCulturalAnthropologyatLeidenUniversity,NetherlandsandreceivedherPh.
D.
fromtheUniversityofSussex,UK.
Shehasbeenparticipatingin(andlaterresearching)socialmovementssincethemid-1990s.
Herresearchfocusesontherelationbetweenemergingformsofself-determinationandhowthesecantransformourunderstandingofclassicnotionsofdemocracy.
Herotherresearchinterestsincludeanthropologicalapproachestopersonhood,agency,urbantransformation,mediaanddigitaltechnology.
SheistheauthorofTheWilloftheMany:HowtheAlterglobalisationMovementisChangingtheFaceofDemocracy(PlutoPress,2009).
From2014to2016shewasaMarieCurieInternationalOutgoingFellowattheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts30RobertWisnovskyMcGillUniversity,CanadaCommentaries,TranslationandPhilosophicalChangeTheCaseofGreek-into-ArabicEvenwhentranslatorsdeclarethemselvestobefaithfulinterpreters,individualactsofrecreationandtransformationinevitablyoccurduringtheprocessoftranslatingaphilosophicalworkfromonelanguagetoanother.
YethistoriansofmedievalArabic-Islamicphilosophyhaveoftentreatedthesubtlechangesinmeaningthatresultedfromtheseactsastrivial,ascuriositiestoberecordedbutthensetasideinthepursuitofthemoresubstantialworkofanalyzingarguments.
ThisispartlybecausetheyfollowtheleadofthemedievalArabic-Islamicphilosophersthemselves,whomaintainedthatthesuperiorityofphilosophyovercompetingmethodsofreasoningandarguingrestedupontheuniversalapplicabilityoflogic,incontrasttogrammarandlexicography,whichwerespecifictoparticularlanguages.
CloseexaminationofthewordchoicesmadeduringtheGreek-into-Arabictranslationmovementofthe8th-10thcenturiesCErevealshowoftenthesedecisionswereinfactshapedbythelate-antiqueGreekphilosophicalcontexttowhichthetranslatorswerethedirectheir.
InthecaseofthetranslationsofworksintheAristoteliancorpus,"late-antiqueGreekphilosophicalcontext"means,ineffect,thenumerousGreekcommentariesthatwerecomposed–betweenthe3rdandthe7thcenturiesCE–onindividualworksbyAristotle,commentariesinwhichthesemanticrangesofmoreobscuretermsweresetbycommentators'glossesthatappealedtolessobscureterms.
TheGreek-into-Arabictranslators'wordchoicesinturndeterminedhowAristotelianconcepts,distinctions,examples,theoriesandargumentsweresubsequentlyconstruedbymedievalArabic-Islamicphilosophers.
InsomecasesthesetofinterpretivepossibilitiesavailabletothemedievalArabic-Islamicphilosopherswasbroadenedbythetranslators'wordchoices,andinothercasesitwasnarrowed.
Whatismore,theexegeticalpracticesofthelate-antiqueGreekAristotlecommentatorsweretransmittedtothemedievalArabic-Islamicworldwhenthecommentariesthemselvesweretranslated.
Thesepracticeslargelyshapedthewaytextsofphilosophywereintroduced,read,interpreted,edited,andtaught,especiallyduringthepost-classical(ca.
1100-1900)periodofIslamicintellectualhistory,whencommentarieswerethemaingenreofphilosophicalliteratureinArabic.
RobertWisnovskyisaspecialistinthehistoryofArabic-Islamicthought.
HisresearchcentersonthephilosophyofAvicenna(IbnSīnā,d.
1037),andhehaspublishedwidelyonitsGreco-Arabicorigins,internaldevelopment,andArabic-Islamicreception.
HefirsttaughtintheNearEasternLanguagesandCivilizationsDepartmentatHarvardUniversity(1996-2004),andsince2004hehasbeenbasedinMcGillUniversity'sInstituteofIslamicStudies,whereheisDirectorandJamesMcGillProfessorofIslamicPhilosophy.
WisnovskyhasalsoservedasthePrincipalInvestigatoroftwomajorresearchprojects:thePost-ClassicalIslamicPhilosophyDatabaseInitiative,fundedbytheCanadaFoundationforInnovation,andTransmission,traductionettransformationdanslesculturesmédiévales,fundedbytheFondsQuébecoisdelaRecherchesurlaSociétéetCulture.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts31Abstracts|Panels(alphabetically)IGenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts32Data-drivenConceptualHistoryNewMethodsandApproachesPanelconvenors:PimHuijnen(UtrechtUniversity,Netherlands)JaapVerheul(UtrechtUniversity,Netherlands)Panelpresenters:JorisvanEijnatten(UtrechtUniversity,Netherlands)BryanJurish(Berlin-BrandenburgAcademyofSciencesandHumanities,Germany)ThomasWerneke(CentreforContemporaryHistoryPotsdam,Germany)MaretNielnder(GeorgEckertInstituteforInternationalTextbookResearch,Germany)SusanFitzmaurice(UniversityofSheffield,UK)IonaC.
Hine(UniversityofSheffield,UK)SethMehl(UniversityofSheffield,UK)PimHuijnen(UtrechtUniversity,Netherlands)JaapVerheul(UtrechtUniversity,Netherlands)JoseMurgatroydCree(UniversityofSheffield,UK)LauraV.
Sández(VillanovaUniversity,USA)RalfFutselaar(NIOD/ErasmusUniversity,Rotterdam,Netherlands)MilanvanLange(NIOD/UtrechtUniversity,Netherlands)Thispanelaimstobringtogetherscholarstopresentthestate-of-the-artindigitalconceptualhistoryandtodiscussepistemologicalandmethodologicalquestionsrelatedtocomputationalapproachestoconceptualchange.
Thedigitizationofhistoricalmaterialandtheimplementationofnewcomputationaltoolshavespurredthestudyofsemanticandconceptualchange.
Theavailabilityoflargedigitizedcorporaofhistoricalnewspapers,forexample,hasbroadenedthescopeoftraditionalapproachesinconceptualandintellectualhistory.
Ontheonehand,thesecorporaenablethestudyofconceptualchangeovermuchlongerperiodsoftime.
Ontheother,theyenrichconceptualhistorywithviewsfromsources,suchaspublicmedia,thathithertohavebeenusedtoamuchlesserextent.
Aboveall,data-driventechniquesliketopicmodelingorwordembeddings—althoughcertainlynotwithoutlimitationsoftheirown—havethepotentialtocontributetothetheoreticalunderpinningsofwhatconceptsareandhowtheychangeovertime.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts33Dissemination,ContestationandMediationofKnowledgebetweenAsiaandtheWestPanelconvenors:KyungHyeKim(JiaoTongBakerCentreforTranslationandInterculturalStudies,ShanghaiJiaoTongUniversity,China)DangLi(JiaoTongBakerCentreforTranslationandInterculturalStudies,ShanghaiJiaoTongUniversity,China)YifanZhu(JiaoTongBakerCentreforTranslationandInterculturalStudies,ShanghaiJiaoTongUniversity,China)Panelpresenters:DangLi(JiaoTongBakerCentreforTranslationandInterculturalStudies,ShanghaiJiaoTongUniversity,China)KyungHyeKim(JiaoTongBakerCentreforTranslationandInterculturalStudies,ShanghaiJiaoTongUniversity,China)YifanZhu(JiaoTongBakerCentreforTranslationandInterculturalStudies,ShanghaiJiaoTongUniversity,China)I-HsinChen(ChineseUniversityofHongKong,HongKong)LeoTak-hungChan(LingnanUniversity,HongKong)ThedialoguebetweentheWestandtheEastcontinuestobedecisivelyshapedbyvariousprocessesoftranslation,whereimportedknowledgeinteractswithlocalknowledgeinadynamiccycleinwhichbotharetransformedtovaryingdegrees.
NumerousstudieshaveexaminedhowcentralconceptsinEastAsianphilosophysuchasYinandYang(Kim2001),Confucianism(Rowbotham1945;Creel1960;Yang1987)andTaoism(Csikszentmihalvi&Ivanhoe1999;Gao2014)areunderstoodinWesterncountries.
However,mostscholarshavesofareithertendedtofocusonthereceptionofsuchconceptsinthetargetenvironmentorprovidedpurelymonolingualanalysesofpatternsofculturalexchange,whileignoringtheroleoflanguageastheprimemediatorofculture.
Moreimportantly,scantattentionhasbeenpaidtotheroleoftranslationandthatoftranslatorsasactiveagentsinthisprocess.
Inthistraditionalscholarlylandscape,moreattentionhasbeenpaidtothewayWesternthinkingandknowledgeareimportedandtransformedinAsia,ignoringthusthefactthatknowledgeflowisrarelyunidirectional,andindeedconfirmingthat"theWestremainsthe'standard'fromwhichdifferenceismeasured"(Wakabayashi2017).
Thispanelwillattempttoexplorethedissemination,contestationandtransformationofconceptsastheytravelbetweenAsianandWesterncountries,withparticularemphasisontwoaspectsofthisexchange:theflowofknowledgefromAsiatotheWestthroughtranslation,andthewayWesternprimacyissometimesassertedandsometimeschallengedasWesternconceptsentertheAsianworldthroughtranslation.
ThepanelthusseekstoprovideanopportunityforscholarstoengagecriticallywiththeflowofknowledgebetweenAsiaandtheWestatbothmacroandmicrolevels.
ReferencesCreel,H.
G.
(1960)ConfuciusandtheChineseWay,NewYork:HarperandRow.
Gao,P.
(2014)'ThespreadingofLaozi'sTaoinEurope',ChineseTraditionalCulture,2.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts34Csikszentmihalvi,M.
&Ivanhoe,P.
J.
(1999)ReligiousandPhilosophicalAspectsoftheLaozi,Albany:StateUniversityofNewYorkPress.
Kim,E.
Y.
(2001)TheYinandYangofAmericanCulture:AParadox,Yarmouth:InterculturalPress.
Rowbotham,A.
H.
(1945)'TheImpactofConfucianismonSeventeenthCenturyEurope',TheFarEasternQuarterly,4(3):224–242.
Wakabayashi,J.
(2017)'Approachtothestudyoftravellingideas:Lessonsfromtranslationstudies,historiographyandtheJapanesecase'.
KeynotespeechnotesdistributedattheARTIS(AdvancingResearchinTranslationandInterculturalStudies)event,AjouUniversity,SouthKorea,13January2017.
Yang,H.
(1987)TheDisseminationandInfluenceofConfucius'Ideas,Beijing:EducationandSciencePress.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts35LinguaFrancasofKnowledgePanelconvenor:KarenBennett(UniversidadeNova,Lisbon,Portugal)Panelpresenters:GulnazSibgatullina(LeidenUniversity,Netherlands)KarenBennett(UniversidadeNova,Lisbon,Portugal)ClareVassallo(UniversityofMalta,Malta)Englishistodaytheunrivalledvehicleforthetransmissionofknowledge,thelanguageinwhichmostscholarshipispublished,conferencesareheld,readingisdoneandlessonstaught.
However,itsrisetoprominenceisarelativelyrecentdevelopmentinthebroadsweepofhumanhistory.
Fromthemiddleofthe19thcenturytothemiddleofthe20th,English,FrenchandGermanenjoyedaroughlyequalstatusaslanguagesofscientificpublication,withothers,suchasRussianandJapanese,occupyingnichesinparticulargeographicareas.
IntheMedievalandEarlyModernperiod,Latinwasofcoursethelinguafranca(LF)oflearning,oncesoindispensablethatithadtobemasteredbeforeanyformaleducationcouldtakeplace;andbeforethattheprimepositionwasheldbyGreek,thekoinéoftheHellenisticworld.
Meanwhile,intheEast,Arabic,SanskritandChinesewerealsoplayingformidablerolesinchannellinglearningthroughthecenturies.
Therehavealsobeenprojectstodevelopartificiallanguagestoserveasneutraluniversalvehiclesofknowledge.
The17thcenturyaprioriphilosophicallanguagesofJohnWilkins,GeorgeDalgarnoandGottfriedLeibnizfailedtogainmuchtraction,duetointrinsicweaknesses;buttheaposterioriauxiliarylanguagesofthe19thand20thcenturies,suchasVolapük,EsperantoandIdo,faredbetter,acquiringconsiderablenumbersoffollowersintheirheyday.
Thispanelseekstostimulatereflectionabouttheroleplayedbydifferentvehicularlanguagesinthetransmissionofknowledgeoverthecenturies,andthephilosophical,politicalandcommercialimplicationsofalinguafrancaculture(asopposedtoatranslationculture).
Proposalsarewelcomefromscholarsworkinginfieldssuchaslinguistics,translationstudies,historyofscience/philosophy,culturalhistoryandepistemology,aswellasspecialistsinparticularlanguagesandcultures.
ReferencesGordin,M.
D(2015)ScientificBabel:HowSciencewasdonebeforeandafterGlobalEnglish.
ChicagoandLondon:UniversityofChicagoPress.
Harrison,K.
D.
(2007)WhenLanguagesDie:TheExtinctionoftheWorld'sLanguagesandtheErosionofHumanKnowledge.
OxfordandNewYork:OxfordUniversityPress.
Ostler,N.
(2005)EmpiresoftheWord:ALanguageHistoryoftheWorld.
NewYorkandLondon:HarperCollins.
Osler,N.
(2011).
TheLastLinguaFranca:TheRiseandFallofWorldLanguages.
LondonandNewYork:Penguin.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts36ScienceandTranslationasCulturallyEmbeddedPracticesPanelconvenor:MaeveOlohan(UniversityofManchester,UK)Panelpresenters:SofiaMalamatidou(UniversityofBirmingham,UK)MyriamSalama-Carr(UniversityofManchester,UK)MaeveOlohan(UniversityofManchester,UK)Throughtheworkofsciencestudies,manyscholarshavecometounderstandscienceasculturallysituatedknowledgepractices.
Thisshiftinunderstandingentailedamoveawayfromthinkingaboutscienceasthepursuitofuniversaltruthsandadebunkingoftheassumptionsthatscienceisunifiedandvalue-free.
Followingground-breakingethnographiclaboratorystudiesinthe1980s,thenotionofepistemiccultures(KnorrCetina1999)providedawayofexploringculturaldifferencesacrossbranchesofscienceandwithinscientificcommunities.
FrameworkssuchasLatour'sactor-networktheoryandPickering'smangleofpracticehelptoaccountfortheinteractionsofhumansandmaterialentities,includinginscriptionsortexts,inthepractisingofscience.
Genreanalysisandotherapproachesprovidetoolswithwhichtoanalysethediscourseandrhetoricconstitutingscientificpractice,whilenotionsofboundarywork(Gieryn1999)areusefulforthinkingabouthowscientistsandothersdemarcatescientificterritory,andhowparticipationinscientificculturesislegitimated,blockedorchallenged.
Amidincreasinginterestinthemovementofsuchknowledgepracticesacrossepistemic,linguisticandculturalboundaries(Secord2004,Raj2007),thispanelaimstoexplorearangeofthemesthatarisefromconceptualisingbothscienceandtranslationasculturallyembeddedpractices.
Areasoffocusincludetheculturalcontingencyofscientificideasselectedforinvestigationandcommunication,thediscursiveconstructionofscientificideas,andinequalitiesandasymmetriesintheinterchangeofknowledgebetweencultures.
Contributionswillforegroundculturalperspectivesinthestudyofscientifictranslationandthecommunicationofscientificideasacrossepistemicandlinguisticcultures.
ReferencesGieryn,T.
F.
(1999)CulturalBoundariesofScience:CredibilityontheLine,Chicago:UniversityofChicagoPress.
KnorrCetina,K.
(1999)EpistemicCultures:HowtheSciencesMakeKnowledge,Cambridge,MA:HarvardUniversityPress.
Raj,Kapil(2007)RelocatingModernScience:CirculationandtheConstructionofKnowledgeinSouthAsiaandEurope,1650-1900,Basingstoke:PalgraveMacmillan.
Secord,James(2004)'HalifaxKeynoteAddress:KnowledgeinTransit',Isis95(4):654–72.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts37ScientificTranslationduringtheColdWarPerspectivesfromthePeripheriesPanelconvenor:JanSurman(HSEMoscow,Russia/IFKVienna,Austria)Panelpresenters:JanSurman(HSEMoscow,Russia/IFKVienna,Austria)PhilippHofeneder(UniversityofGraz,Austria)ChristopherHollings(UniversityofOxford,UK)DuringtheColdWarperiod,translationfacilitatedthecirculationofknowledgebothacrosstheIronCurtainandwithinthecampsoneithersidethereof.
Withinthecommunistbloc,forinstance,translationenabledthedisseminationoftheworkofcommunistintellectuals,includingWesternones,acrossindividualstatesandtheirlanguages.
ButtranslationalsoprovidedRussia'ssatellitecountries–suchasthePolishPeople'sRepublicandCzechoslovakia,andevensomeconstitutivepartsoftheSovietUnion,e.
g.
theUkrainianSovietSocialistRepublic–withacertaindegreeofintellectualautonomy.
Theirrespectivepublishingindustrieshadsomeflexibilitytomakedecisionsonwhattotranslateand,moreimportantly,howtodosobased,tosomeextent,ontheinterestsoflocalpublishersandscholars.
Significantly,whileallscholarlyfieldswereinfluencedbythegeopoliticsoftheColdWar,policiesonthetranslationofscientificknowledgewerelessrigidthanthoseenforcedwithintheHumanities,whichremainedunderclosescrutinyofthestate.
InlightoftherolethatRussianhasplayedasalanguageofinternationalscholarlycommunicationfollowingtheestablishmentoftheCommunistregimeinRussiaand,inparticular,since1945,researchonscientifictranslationduringtheColdWarhassofartendedtofocusexclusivelyon(American)English-Russiancommunication.
ThispanelthereforeaimstowidenthescopeofpreviousresearchonscientifictranslationactivitiesduringtheColdWar.
InadditiontotranslationsmakingtheirwayacrosstheIronCurtain,italsoexaminesthoseinvolvingotherstatesandlanguageswithintheformerSovietbloc.
ChristopherHollings(Oxford)explorestherolethattheoft-vaunteduniversalityandsymbolismofmathematicallanguageplayedinEast-Westscientificexchanges,andhowtheyaffectedboththetranslationandthelinguisticskillsofmathematicians.
PhilippHofeneder(Graz)looksatthetranslationofscientificjournalswithintheSocialistCamp,focusingonGerman-Russianflows.
ThesetranslationsexemplifythattheideaofmutualfriendshipwasinthiscasemoreimportantthanideologicalconstraintswithintheSovietbloc.
Finally,JanSurman(HSE/IFK)examinesthetranslationpoliciesofthemostimportantscholarlypublishinghousesinthePeople'sRepublicofPoland(PanstwoweWydawnictwoNaukowe)andCzechoslovakia(NakladatelstvíCeskoslovenskéAkademieved/from1966:Academia)toshowhowtheirmonopolisticpositionsinfluencedthecirculationofknowledgeinthesetwosocialiststates.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts38SeamsofKnowledgeGeology,TranslationandAnglo-EuropeanScientificExchangePanelconvenor:AlisonE.
Martin(UniversityofReading,UK)Panelpresenters:AlisonE.
Martin(UniversityofReading,UK)SusanPickford(UniversitéParis-Sorbonne,France)LauraTarkka-Robinson(UniversityofHelsinki,Finland)Thehistoryofgeology(anditsrelatedsub-disciplinemineralogy)hasrecentlyattractedrenewedattention,asscholarsofliteratureandhistoryofscienceexplorehowearthhistorycontributedtotheemergenceofnewliterary,culturalandhistoricaldiscoursesineighteenth-andearlynineteenth-centuryEurope.
Whilethescientificpractitionerswhoproducedthesetextshaveoftenbeenthesubjectofin-depthstudies,scantattentionhasbeenpaidtotheoftenforgottenmiddle-menand-womenwhoensuredthattheirwritingtraversednational,culturalandlinguisticboundariestoreachnewaudiencesabroad.
Thesociologicalturnintranslationstudies(Milton&Bandia2009;Wolf&Fukari2007)hascalledforcloserattentiontobepaidtothe'agents'inthecirculationofscientificknowledge:thetranslatorswho,alongwitheditors,illustrators,publishersandcritics,stimulatedtheinternationalcirculationofscientificknowledgeintheEnlightenmentandRomanticperiods.
TakingasitsfocusAnglo-Europeanscientificexchangeinthefieldofgeology,thispanelarguesthatbystudyingtherolethesetranslatorsplayed,wecanuncovertheirrhetoricalstrategiesforpromotingscientificexpertise,theirnetworksofcollaboration,theconduitstheyusedfordisseminatingscientificknowledge,andhowtheyhelpedshapetheplaceofgeologyintheintellectuallifeofvariousEuropeannations.
ReferencesMilton,J.
&P.
Bandia(eds)(2009)AgentsofTranslation,Amsterdam&Philadelphia:Benjamins.
Wolf,M.
&A.
Fukari(eds)(2007)ConstructingaSociologyofTranslation,Amsterdam&Philadelphia:Benjamins.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts39TheMagicof'Classical'LanguagesScripts,SoundandSenseintheTranslationofSacredConceptsPanelconvenor:HephzibahIsrael(UniversityofEdinburgh,UK)Panelpresenters:EmanAlkroud(UniversityofManchester,UK)JamesMaxey(NidaSchoolofTranslationStudies,USA)SamehHanna(UniversityofLeeds,UK)Whatisthenatureofa'sacred'languageWhenweexaminethetranslationofkeyconceptsandtextsacrossthespectrumoftheso-called'WorldReligions'wefindthatmuchofthenatureoftheirtransferorcirculationdependsoncertainconceptionsoflanguagesassignsystems.
Aminorityofkeylanguagesareascribedboth'classical'and'sacred'status,whilethemajorityaremostlyassignedneither.
ThemostobviousthatcometomindareArabic,Greek,LatinandSanskrit,whichatdifferenthistoricalpointsandtodifferentdegreeshavebeenassociatedbothwithclassicalliteratureandsacredtexts.
Thistwinningoftheclassicalandsacredinformstheontologiesoftheselanguages,elevatingthemtoastatusfarabovethosedesignatedmundanelanguages.
Andyetthroughhumanhistory,translationshavecontinuouslybeenundertakenfromsuch'languagesofthegods'(Pollock2006)intothelanguagesofmortals.
HowcanwestudythetransferofsacredconceptsbetweenlinguisticsignsystemsthathavebeenconceptualisedanddeliberatelymaintainedasimmenselydisparatesystemsHowdoessuchaclassical-sacredontologicalmake-upoftheselanguageshelptoconstruct,diminish,expand,ortransformsacredconceptsintranslationThispanelseekstoexplorethespecificlinksbetweentranslation,knowledgeconstructionandmodesofsignallingthesacred.
Paperswillexaminetheinterfacebetweenscript,sound,oralityandtextualityintheconceptionandthereceptionofthesacredintranslation.
Itwillask:towhatextentdotranslatorsrelyontheocular,theaural,thetextualandoraltoreconstructkeysacredconceptsinnewcontextsPanelConvenor'sBiodataHephzibahIsraelisLecturerinTranslationStudies,UniversityofEdinburgh.
Herresearchinterestsincludetranslationandreligion,literarytranslation,literarypracticeandtranslationinSouthAsia.
SherecentlyledanAHRC-fundedcollaborativeresearchprojectundertheir'TranslatingCultures'themewhichfocusedontheroleoftranslationinthemovementofreligiousconceptsacrosslanguagesandthewaysinwhichthisimpactsreligiousconversionandautobiographicalwritingaboutconversionexperiences.
ShehasauthoredseveralarticlesandhermonographentitledReligiousTransactionsinColonialSouthIndia(2011)offersananalysisofthetranslatedBibleasanobjectofculturaltransferinSouthAsiainthecontextofevolvingattitudestotranslationintheTamilsacredlandscapesfromtheeighteenthcentury.
SheisguesteditingaspecialissueonReligionandTranslationforthejournalReligion(withMatthiasFrenz)andaspecialissueonIndiantraditionsoflifewritingonreligiousconversionforthejournalSouthAsia(withJohnZavos).
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts40TranslationandHealthHumanitiesTheRoleofTranslatedPersonalNarrativesintheCo-creationofMedicalKnowledgePanelconvenor:ebnemSusam-Saraeva(UniversityofEdinburgh,UK)Panelpresenters:MichelaBaldo(UniversityofHull,UK)NesrineBessah(UniversityofOttawa,Canada)BoyaLi(UniversityofOttawa,Canada)VicentMontalt(UniversitatJaumeI,CastellódelaPlana,Spain)LucíaSapia(UniversitatdeValència,Spain)MartíDomínguez(UniversitatdeValència,Spain)ebnemSusam-Saraeva(UniversityofEdinburgh,UK)Medicine,asan'appliedscience',hastraditionallyenjoyedaparticularlyauthoritativeandpowerfulstatuswithinsociety.
Butwhilefast-pacedscientificdiscoveriesandtechnologicalinnovationshaveimprovedthehealthofvastpopulationsworldwide,somesectionsofsocietyarebecomingmoreandmoredisillusionedwithwhattheyregardasrigid,unholisticorwholesaletreatmentsofferedbythemedicalprofession,andareturningtoalternativeapproachestohealthandwell-being.
Theemergingdisciplineofhealthhumanities,withitsfocuson"bringingthehumanbackintohealth"(InternationalHealthHumanitiesNetwork,http://www.
healthhumanities.
org/),postulatesthatknowledgeandpracticesdrawnfromtheartsandhumanitiescandirectlyenhancehealthandwellbeing,ratherthanbeingutilisedastoolsinthetrainingofmedicalprofessionals,ashasbeenthecase,forinstance,inmedicalhumanities.
Onesuchpracticeisthatofstorytelling,intheformofpersonalnarrativesandtestimonies.
Bothhealthandmedicalhumanitiesareincreasinglyacknowledgingtheroleofpersonalnarrativesandtestimoniesinchallenging,complementingandcontesting'abstractexpertknowledge'.
Thispanelwillexaminetheproductionanddisseminationofnewknowledgeregardinghealthandwell-beingthroughtranslationsofpersonalnarrativesandtestimoniesinvariousareas(e.
g.
mentalhealth,maternalandneonatalhealth,andcancercare),focusingontheco-creationofmedicalknowledgebyandforlaypeople.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts41TranslatingTranslationConvergenceandDivergenceofTranslationacrossEpistemicandCulturalBoundariesPanelconvenor:Johndemark(UniversityofOslo,Norway)'Translation'hasemergedasakeywordindisciplinessuchashistory,anthropologyandscienceandtechnologystudies(STS).
Sincearound2000ithasbecomeinstitutionalizedinmedicineasso-calledknowledgetranslation(KT).
Whiletheturntotranslationinthehumanitiescouldbeseenasanindexofcontemporaryepistemologicalpredicamentsandthealmostobligatoryrequirementtocross-disciplinaryandculturalboundariesina'globalage',medicaltranslationisofadifferentnature.
KTdenotesascientificandpurportedlynon-culturalpracticethatdefinessocialandculturaldifferenceasa'barrier'tothetransmissionofmedicalscience.
Incontrast,STShavecelebratedtheproductivityoftranslationastheconditionofpossibilityforscienceandsociety,andaimedtoincorporatematerialandnaturalactorsintheanalysisoftranslationprocesses.
Theaimofthesetwoconnectedpanelsistouseandchallengedifferentdisciplinarynotionsoftranslationastextual,culturalandmaterialtransferbyconstruingtranslationasahistoricalconceptthatismobilizedinanetworkcomprisingdiversetextualandculturalgenres.
Todothiswewillexploreasetofcasestudiesattheinterfacebetweenmedicine,themedicalhumanities,culturalhistoryandanthropology.
Thispanelconsistsoftwosubpanels,eachofthemincludingthreepapers:SUBPANEL1TranslationacrossMedicalCulturesJohndemark(UniversityofOslo,Norway)EivindEngebretsen(UniversityofOslo,Norway)SietseWieringa(UniversityofOslo,Norway/UniversityofOxford,UK)TonySandset(UniversityofOslo,Norway)SUBPANEL2TranslatingBodies:BetweenCulturalandOntologicalTurnsJohndemark(UniversityofOslo,Norway)AntjeFlüchter(UniversittBielefeld,Germany)ClemetAskheim(InlandNorwayUniversityofAppliedSciences/UniversityofOslo,Norway)GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts42Abstracts|Papers(alphabeticallybyfirstauthor)IGenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts43EmanAlkroudUniversityofManchester,UKCONSTRUCTINGACOUNTER-HEGEMONICBERBERIDENTITYTHROUGHTRANSLATION:THEROLEOFSCRIPTCHOICESINTHREETAMAZIGHTVERSIONSOFTHEHOLYQURANThispresentationexplorestheextenttowhichscriptchoicesbyBerbertranslatorsoftheHolyQuranmirrorthepolitical,linguisticandculturalconflictbetweenArabhegemonyandBerbercounter-hegemonyinMoroccoandAlgeria.
AftergainingindependencefromFranceinthesecondhalfofthetwentiethcentury,thetwoMaghrebnationssetouttocreatetheirownhomogeneousnation-states.
Aspartofthisprocess,theydefinedthemselvesasArab,declaredArabiclanguageastheironlyofficiallanguage,andembarkedonanArabizationcampaignseekingtoeliminateanyformofethnic,culturalandlinguisticdiversity.
Asaresult,theBerbercommunity–whichstraddlesbothcountriesandrepresents40%and25%oftheMoroccanandAlgerianpopulation(Maddy-Weitzman2011),respectively–wasrelegatedtoaninferiorpositionandmarginalized.
Againstthisbackground,translation,inparticularthetranslationoftheHolyQuran,becameanimportantmeansofassertingtheidentityoftheBerbersasadistinctnation.
Drawingonparatexttheory,asproposedbyGenette(1997),andframingtheory,asputforwardbyGoffman(1974),thispresentationexplorestherolethatscript,asasignificantparatextualtool,playedinmediatingsignificanthistoricalandpoliticalknowledgeabouttheBerbercommunityandtheNorthAfricanregioninthepasteighteenyears(1999-2017).
MyanalysisofthreeBerbertranslationsoftheHolyQur'anrevealsthattranslatorsmanagedtosignaltheirpoliticalstancesandimpactmediationsoftheBerberpolitybydeliberatelyencodingtheirtranslationinone(and,inonecase,two)ofthethreescriptsusedinwritingTamazight,theBerbers'language.
TheseincludeArabicscript,withitsinherentreligioussignificanceandsocio-politicalassociationwithArabculture;Tifinaghscript,whichrepresentstheancientindigenousBerbercivilization;andtheLatinscriptassociatedwithmodernityandtechnology.
Throughthescriptchoicestheymadeintheirtranslations,translatorsevokedmentalassociationslinkedtoeachscript,andhencemanagedtomovetheaudiencethroughdifferenthistoricalepochs;aligntheBerbercommunitywithspecificcultures;assertorrejectcertainclaimstoethnicity;andnarratetheBerberhistoryasbeginningatonespecificpointintime.
ReferencesGenette,G.
(1997)Paratexts:ThresholdofInterpretation,trans.
JaneLewin,forewordbyRichardMacksey,Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress.
Goffman,E.
(1974)FrameAnalysis:AnEssayontheOrganizationofExperience,NewYork:HarperandRaw.
Maddy-Weitzman,B.
(2011)TheBerberIdentityMovementandtheChallengetoNorthAfricanStates,TheUnitedStatesofAmerica:UniversityofTexasPress.
EmanAlkroudisaPhDcandidateattheUniversityofManchester.
ShereceivedherB.
A.
inEnglishLanguageandLiteraturefromtheUniversityofDammaminSaudiArabia.
In2013shereceivedherM.
A.
inTranslationandInterculturalStudiesfromtheUniversityofManchester.
Between2007and2010,sheworkedasafreelancetranslatorandcooperatedwiththeKuwaitiCentreforResearchandStudiesbytranslatingtwobooksaboutthehistoryoftheArabianGulf.
Sheispassionateabouttranslation,readingandhistory.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts44ClemetAskheimInlandNorwayUniversityofAppliedSciences/UniversityofOslo,Norway)FROMCURATOCARE–CULTURALTRANSLATIONANDONTOLOGICALBIFURCATIONSeveralauthorsandphilosophershavebeeninspiredbythesecondcenturyRomanfableofCura.
GoetheadoptselementsofitinthesecondpartofFaust,andHerderrecaststhemythinthepoemDasKindderSorge.
Forboth,thefableillustratesafundamentalaspectofourhumancondition,namelytheontologicalgapbetweenlifeanddeath,bodyandsoul.
ThispresentationexaminesthegenealogyoftranslationsofthemythofCura,whichisregardedhereasthesourcetextforarangeofliteraryadaptations,commentariesandphilosophicalelaborations.
InHeidegger's(1962)work,themythisgivenacentralplaceinhisthinkingaboutbeingandontology,andasthedefiningexpressionoftheontologicalgapbetweenearth(Tellus)andthesky(Jupiter).
Humanexistenceisbothaunityofbodyandsoul,keepingtheearthandtheskytogether,butthroughourcapacityforthinkingandabstracting,wearealsotheproducersofthisontologicalbifurcation.
Thismetaphysicalriftnecessitatesmediationbetweenthetwoontologicaldomains,betweenbodyandspirit,natureandculture.
Anditbecomesmanifestinepistemologyasthegapbetweengeneralized,abstractknowledgeandtheconcreterealityoflivedexperience,providingalsotherationalebehindmedicalKnowledgeTranslation(KT),apracticethatattemptstobridgethisgap.
ButwhatiftherewasnogapinthefirstplaceThisiswhatHeidegger'sreadingofthemythindicates.
HowcouldwemakesenseofsuchaprimordiallyunifiedworldWoulditsexistenceremovetheneedforontologicalandepistemologicaltranslationReferenceHeidegger,M.
(1962)BeingandTime,TranslatedbyJ.
Macquarrie&E.
RobinsonfromtheoriginalGermantext:SeinundZeit,Oxford:Blackwell.
ClemetAskheimiscurrentlyworkingasResearchAssistantattheInstituteofHealthandSociety,UniversityofOslo.
HereceivedhisMAinPhilosophyfromUniversityofBergen,withathesisonthedialecticsofliberationinSartre'sCritiqueofDialecticalReasonandFanon'sTheWretchedoftheEarth.
HehassincebeenteachingphilosophyatInlandNorwayUniversityofAppliedSciencesandUniversityofBergen.
Hisresearchinterestsincludepoliticalphilosophy,Marxisttheory,philosophyofscience,historyofscience,andexistentialism.
Hiscurrentresearchfocusesonthehistoryoftheconceptofsustainability,knowledgetranslationinmedicine,thefoundationsofevidence-basedmedicine,andontologiesofmedicine.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts45MichelaBaldoUniversityofHull,UKTRANSLATING"DE-MEDICALIZED"FEMINISTKNOWLEDGEONBODYANDSEXUALITYThispresentationinvestigatesthetranslationsproducedbyandcirculatingamongItaliantransfeministcollectivesconcerningtheconceptofhealthandself-knowledgeonbodyandsexuality.
Inthesescenarioshealthbecomessynonymouswithfreedomofchoiceonmatterssuchasone'sownbody,affectiveandsexualrelationshipsandreproduction,inanattempttooverturntheasymmetricalrelationshipbetweenexpertknowledgeandtheneedsexpressedbyLGBTQsubjectivitiesonthesetopics.
ThespecifictextsdiscussedareTextoYonqui(2008)byqueeractivistandtheoristPaulPreciado,translatedasTestoTossico[ToxicText](2015);andCooPotens(2014)bySpanishpost-pornactivistDianaTorres,translatedasFicaPotens[PowerfulCunt](2015).
Thefirsttextisanarrativeabouttheself-injectionoftestosteroneoutsidethemedical-juridicalprotocolforsexchange,whilethesecondisamanualaboutfemalesexualitycenteredontheanatomyofthevaginaandonfemaleejaculation,atopiccensoredandpathologizedbyinstitutionalmedicineforcenturies.
Thesetextswillbeanalyzedbylookingatthetranslationofspecificterminologyrelatedtohealthandsexuality,andatthefunctionsthatthesetranslationscarriedintheabove-mentionedspecifictransfeministcollectives.
TextoYonquihasbeenused,forexample,tocirculateknowledgeonhormoneswithinspacessuchas"queerconsultorie"[queerclinics],inspiredbythefeministinitiativesofself-helpclinicsofthe'70sinItaly,whileFicaPotenshasbeenpresentedalongsideDIYworkshopsonsquirting,runbyoneofthetranslatorsofthetextwhobecameaperformer.
Thispresentationthusexplorestheperformativeaspectoftranslation(Robinson2003),whattranslationdoestoitsaudienceanditstranslators,andmorespecificallyhowtranslationisinvolvedintheco-productionofde-medicalizedfeministknowledgeonhealthandsexuality,invokedasawaytochallengeinstitutional,patriarchalandheteronormativemedicalnarrativeswhichhavemarginalizedorcensoredthisknowledge.
ReferencesPreciado,P.
(2008)TextoYonqi,Barcelona:Espasalibros.
Preciado,P.
(2015)TestoTossico.
Sesso,drogheebiopolitichenell'erafarmacopornografica,trans.
byElenaRafanelli,Milano:Fandango.
Robinson,D.
(2003)PerformativeLinguistics:Speakingandtranslatingasdoingthingswithwords,NewYorkandLondon:Routledge.
Torres,D.
(2015)CooPotens:Manualsobresupoder,supróstataysusfluidos,Tafalla:Txalaparta.
Torres,D.
(2015)FicaPotens.
Unmanualesulsuopotere,lasuaprostataeisuoifluidi,trans.
byLucianaLicitraandValentineBraconcini,Roma:Golena.
MichelaBaldoisaTeachingFellowinTranslationStudiesattheUniversityofHullandformerLecturerinTranslationStudiesattheUniversityofLeicester.
ShehaswrittenarticlesonItalian-CanadianandItalian-Americanworksandtheirwrittenandaudio-visualtranslationintoItalian(andiswritingamonographonthetopicforPalgrave)andcoeditedavolumeonsubtitlingininterculturalencounterswithBeatriceGarzelli,SubtitlingandInterculturalCommunication(2014).
HermorerecentresearchdealswiththetranslationintoItalianofqueertheoreticalunderstandings.
Shehaspublishedarticlesonqueerfemininityandperformanceandco-editedabookonqueerdragkings(Ilrenudo.
PerunarchiviodragkinginItalia,2014),andisnowinvestigatingtheroleoftranslationinqueertransfeministactivistmovementsinItaly,payingparticularattentiontothenotionsofperformativityandaffect(publicationsonthetopicareforthcoming).
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts46SamiaBazziLebaneseUniversity,Beirut,LebanonTHECONSTRUCTIONOFRADICALISISCALIPHATECONCEPTSTHROUGHTRANSLATIONThispaperexaminesthecontributionoftranslationtotheshapingofISISconceptsanddiscoursescirculatedthroughitsmediamachine,includingDabiqMagazineandAl-FurqanFoundation.
ItwillexplorearangeofpropagandastrategiesusedbyISIStodisseminateradicalthoughtthroughprofessionaldigitalizedmediabydrawingonacorpusoftextspublishedinsuchoutlets—includingpoliticalspeechesbyISISleaders,aswellasreportsandnarrativeswrittenbytheirfollowers,allofwhicharetranslatedbyISIS'"mujtahidun"[theindustriousones].
AcomparativeanalysisoftheoriginalandtranslatedtextsrevealsanumberoftranslationstrategiesthatISISdeploystoconstructradicalizedknowledge,serveaviolentagenda,andappealtoalargenumberofpotentialforeignfighters.
Itwillbearguedthatnon-translationisaparticularlyimportantstrategy.
ISIS-coinedconceptssuchasKhilafa,Ummah,Hijra,Bay'ah,Tawagit,andothermotifssaturatedwithanancientIslamicregister,tendtobeleftuntranslated,asawayofreinforcingperceptionsofMuslimunity,power,allegiance,andbrotherhood.
TheanalysisfurtherrevealsthatparticularideologicalconceptsareleftuntranslatedwhenISISpropagandistsadvocatefightingagainstthe"unbelievers",inanattempttogalvanizethegroup'sfollowers–whetherbyappealingtotheirreligiousfanaticismorpromotingtheuncriticalreproductionofsymbolicdiscoursesgroundedinIslamichistory.
Thesestrategieshighlighttheimportanceoflanguageuseinthereproductionofradicalsystemsofthoughtandtheuseoftranslationforrecruitingpurposes.
Thissocio-political-linguisticstudydrawsuponCriticalDiscourseAnalysis–incorporatingtheworkofFairclough(1995),Gramsci(Forgacs1988)andFoucault(1984)–tounraveltheconnectionsthatexistbetweenlanguageuseandthepowerofISISasagroup(Fairclough1995),andillustratehowspecifictranslationtechniquescanbeadoptedtoreinforcetheCaliphate'shegemony.
ReferencesFairclough,N.
(1995)CriticalDiscourseAnalysis,London:Longman.
Forgacs,D.
(ed.
)(1988)AGramsciReader:SelectedWritings1916-1935,London:LawrenceandWishart.
Foucault,M.
(1984)'TheOrderofDiscourse',inM.
Shapiro(ed.
)LanguageandPolitics,Oxford:Blackwell,108-138.
SamiaBazzicompletedherdoctoralstudiesatHeriot-WattUniversity(Scotland)andworkedformanyyearsasaprofessionaltranslatorintheMiddleEastandAfricaindiplomatic,legalandmilitarycontexts.
SheiscurrentlySeniorLecturerandResearcherinTranslationStudiesandLinguisticsattheCentreforLanguagesandTranslation,LebaneseUniversity,Beirut,aswellasamemberoftheResearchCentreforHumanSciencesatthesameinstitution.
SamiaistheauthorofArabNewsandConflict:AMultidisciplinaryDiscourseStudy(JohnBenjamins,2009).
Otherpublicationsinclude'TheRoleofTranslationinDeconstructingandConstructingSectarianDiscoursesintheMiddleEast'inTraducción,mediosdecomunicación,opiniónpública(Comares,2016);'IdeologyandArabicTranslationsofNewsTexts'(TTMC,2015),and'ForeignMetaphorsandArabicTranslation'(JournalofLanguageandPolitics,2014).
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts47KarenBennettUniversidadeNova,Lisbon,PortugalPORTUGUESEASALANGUAGEOFKNOWLEDGEINTHECONTEXTOFTHEPADROADO('PATRONAGE')OFASIA,15TH-17THCENTURIESInaround1579,twoJesuits,MatteoRicciandMicheleRuggieri,publishedabilingualdictionaryoftechnicalandscientifictermsforuseintheireducationalprogrammesinChina.
WhatiscuriousaboutthisisthatitinvolvedneitherLatin,thedominantlinguafrancaofknowledgeatthetime,norItalian,thoseJesuits'mothertongue;ratheritwasPortuguesethatformedthemaininterfacebetweenEuropeandChinese.
ThismaybeseenasameasureoftheimportanceofPortugueseasalanguageofknowledgeinthecontextofthePortuguesePadroadoor'Patronage'(asetofprivilegesgrantedbythePopetothePortuguesecrown,whichgavePortugalamonopolyovermissionaryactivitiesintheEast).
UndertheauspicesofthePadroado,JesuitsfromvariousCatholiccountrieswouldtravelonPortugueseshipstoMacau,fromwheretheydispersedovertheregion,diffusingnotonlyChristianitybutalso'Westernlearning'.
WeknowtheywereobligedtolearnPortuguesebecausethiswasstipulatedin1545byFrancisXavier,leaderoftheJesuitmissiontoAsia(Lopes1969:37).
Whatislessclear,though,isexactlywhatrolethislanguageplayedintheJesuits'activities.
DidtheyuseitamongstthemselvesinsteadofLatinWasitreservedforbusinessdealingswithadministrativeofficialsandmerchantsOrwasitalsoalanguageofinstructionandamediumforthetransmissionofreligiousandscientificknowledgeThispaperreportsonongoingresearchdesignedtodeterminetheimportanceofPortugueseinrelationtobothLatinandcompetingvernacularsinthisdomain.
Drawinguponawiderangeofsources–travellers'reports,Jesuitlettersandscientifictexts,datafromthevariousprintingpressesthatweresetupintheregion,andinformationaboutthePortugueseCollegeofStPaulinMacau(thefirstWestern-styleuniversityintheOrient)–itclaimsthatPortugueseoccupiedaparticularlyimportantroleinthedisseminationofnotonlyreligionbutalsoWesternscienceandtechnologyunderthePadroado.
Whatismore,italsoappearstohavetransmittedknowledgeintheoppositedirection,asgeographical,cultural,linguisticandotherinformationabouttheEastwasreturnedtoEuropeintheformofregularJesuit(news)letters,whichwerethensystematicallytranslatedintoLatinandothervernacularsfordistributionthroughouttheSociety'sinstitutionsandbeyond.
ThissuggeststhatPortuguesewasnotjustaninformallinguafrancaforcommunicationbetweenpeoplethatdonotknoweachother'stonguebutacrucialpivotlanguageinthevitalcontactsbetweenEastandWestatthisparticularlyimportantmomentofhistory.
ReferenceLopes,D.
deMelo(1969/1936)AexpansodalínguaPortuguesanoOrienteduranteosséculosXVI,XVIIeXVIII,Porto,PortucalenseEditora.
KarenBennettlecturesinHistoryandTheoryofTranslation,ScientificTranslationandAcademicWritingattheNovaUniversityinLisbon.
ShehasaMAandPhDinTranslationStudiesfromtheUniversityofLisbon,andresearchesthetranslationandtransmissionofknowledge(amongstotherthings)withtheCentreforEnglish,TranslationandAnglo-PortugueseStudies(CETAPS)andUniversityofLisbonCentreforEnglishStudies(ULICES/CEAUL).
Shehaspublishedthreebooks,numerousarticlesandbookchapters,andisalsocurrentlyco-editingaspecialissueofTheTranslatorwithRitaQueirozdeBarrosonthesubjectofInternationalEnglishandTranslation.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts48NesrineBessah(UniversityofOttawa,Canada)INTERSECTIONALNARRATIVESONSEXUALITYANDRELATIONSHIPSTRANSLATEDFROMTHEUSTOQUEBEC:THECASEOFOURBODIESOURSELVESThispresentationexaminesOurBodiesOurselves(OBOS,2011),amajorAmericanreferencebookinsexualandreproductivehealth,anditsongoingtranslation/adaptationintoFrenchforQuebec(Canada).
ItfocusesonthewaythetranslationofnarrativesisusedbyagroupofCanadianactiviststobringintersectionalityintopractice,acknowledgingthemulti-layeredandmulti-facetednatureofsocialidentities,suchasrace,gender,(dis)ability,ethnicity,etc.
Presentingbothbiomedicalinformationandwomen'snarratives,OBOShasempoweredmanyAmericanwomen,contributedtotheriseofawomen'shealthmovementintheUSA,andhassofarbeentranslatedintothirty-fivelanguages/countries.
IntheEnglishoriginal,personalnarrativescontributetothedevelopmentofthereaders'criticalthinkingandagency(Davis2007).
Bysharingpersonalexperiences,womenreclaimtheirknowledgeabouthealth,buildacommonvoiceanddevelopacritiqueofthebiomedicalmodelofhealthandbody.
However,tobemeaningfulandrelevant,thesenarrativesmustinteractwiththereader'sculturalreferents.
Intunewithintersectionality,thelasteditionofOBOSinEnglishtakesintoconsiderationthediversityofwomen'sidentities,andthisdiversityisdemonstratedparticularlythroughtheselectionandinclusionofnarrativesfromamuchwiderbackground.
Fromthepointofviewoftranslationstudies,itisparticularlyinterestingtoconsiderwhetherthesenarrativesremainrelevantwhentransferredacrossculturalandlinguisticborders.
InQuebec,intersectionalityflourishesinacademiabutthepracticeofitisratherscarce.
Longtimeestablishedwomen'sgroupshavetroubletransformingtheirwaysofworkingandintegratingthemostmarginalizedwomen(racialized,disabled,trans,etc.
).
IampartofacollectiveofactivistscurrentlyengagedintheFrenchtranslation/adaptationofOBOS.
Inthisproject,wedecidedtoadoptanintersectionalapproachandarelookingforwaystoputitintopractice.
WehavechosenbothtotranslateanumberofpersonalnarrativesfromthesourcetextandtocollectnarrativesfromwomenlivinginQuebec.
ThispresentationwillpresentthecollectiveandwilldiscusstherelevanceoftranslatingAmericannarrativeswhileatthesametimecollectingnewnarrativesfromQuebec.
Itwillarguethatco-constructionofknowledgeisaninnovativeadaptationstrategy,especiallysuitableforprojectslikethetranslationofOBOS.
NesrineBessahhasaMaster'sdegreeinAnthropology(McGillUniversity)andisaPh.
D.
studentinTranslationStudiesattheUniversityofOttawa.
Herdoctoralresearchbringstogetheranthropology,genderstudiesandtranslationstudies.
Forthelast12years,shehasbeenacommunityorganizerandprojectcoordinatorinwomen'shealthassociationsinQuebec(Canada).
Shehaswrittenseveralarticlesanddirectedtwodocumentaries,allrelatedtowomen'shealthissues.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts49SeyhanBozkurtJobanputraYeditepeUniversity,TurkeyTHEUNIFYINGPOWEROFACONCEPT:LINKINGPOLITICS,LITERATUREANDTRANSLATIONElifDaldenizarguesthatTurkeyoffersvaluablegroundforanalyzingtheimportationofconcepts,sinceinthecountry'stransformationfromanempiretoanationstatevariousconceptswereinitiallyimportedfromvariousforeignlanguagesintoTurkish,onlythentoembarkupondistinctjourneysoftheirownintheirnewculture.
Asanewperspectiveonthisprocess,sheproposesthemethodofBegriffsgeschichte,or'conceptualhistory',drawingontheworkofReinhartKoselleck,aleadingscholarofconceptualhistorywhodefinesconceptsas"wordswithaspecialhistoricalmeaning"(Bdeker2008:53).
Awordturnsintoaconceptwhenthemeaningofthecontextinwhichitisusedbecomesanintegralpartoftheworditself.
Scholarsworkinginthefieldofconceptualhistorydonotassociateaconceptwithasinglewordbutinsteaddrawupontheideaofasemanticfieldconsistingofsynonyms,antonyms,andassociatedterms(Hampsher-Monketal2008:2).
Usingthismethod,IwilldemonstratethattheconceptofrealismwastransferredasaliteraryschoolintoTurkishliteratureduringthewesternizingphaseoftheTanzimatPeriod(1839-1908),andwasthentransformedintoaconceptduringtheRepublicanPeriodviaitsassociationwithcentralcomponentsoftheofficialideology.
Positivism,amajorcomponentofthe(later)officialOttomanideology,wasaneffectivetoolinthetransferandcontextualizationofrealismduringtheTanzimatPeriod,whenitre-contextualizedrealismbyassociatingitwithconceptsthatwerecentraltotherulingideologyoftheera.
ThisideologywasenshrinedinthesixprinciplesofAtatürk'sPeople'sRepublicanParty:populism,nationalism,statism,republicanism,'revolutionism'andsecularism.
Thispresentationarguesthatthestrongestevidenceofthelinkbetweentheofficialideologyandthe(re-)contextualizationofrealismintheTurkishcontextistobefoundintheliteraryjournalVarlik,oneofthemajorjournalsoftheearlyRepublicanPeriod.
Initschoiceofworkstobetranslatedanditsdescriptionandanalysisofthoseworks,Varlikcontinuallyanddeliberatelymergedtheconceptofrealismwiththesixprinciplesoftheofficialstateideology.
Thispresentationwillfurtherarguethatrealismwasalsoexpectedtoformalinkbetweenthereadingpublicandtheofficialideologybyensuringthatthenew'realist'literature,bothtranslatedandindigenous,offeredpeople'potentialmodelsforlife'inlinewiththeofficialstateideology.
ReferencesBdeker,H.
E.
(2008)'Concept-Meaning-Discourse.
Begriffsgesichtereconsidered',inI.
Hampsher-Monk,K.
Tilmans&F.
vanVree(Eds.
),HistoryofConcepts:ComparativePerspectives,Amsterdam:UniversityPress,51-64.
Daldeniz,E.
(2010)'KavramlarinYolculugu:KültürKavramininTürkedekiSerüveninieviribilimselBakislaSorgulamak',AlmanDiliveEdebiyatiDergisi,23(1):83-111.
Hamspsher-Monk,I.
,K.
Tilmans&F.
vanVree(2008)'AComparativePerspectiveonConceptualHistory:Anintroduction',inI.
Hamspsher-Monk,K.
Tilmans&F.
vanVree(Eds.
),HistoryofConcepts:ComparativePerspectives,Amsterdam:UniversityPress,1-9.
SeyhanBozkurtJobanputrawasborninIstanbulin1980andreceivedherBA,MAandPhDdegreesinTranslationStudiesfromBoaziiUniversity,Istanbul.
SheiscurrentlyAssistantProfessorofTranslationStudiesatYeditepeUniversity,Istanbul.
ThetitleofherPhDdissertationwasTheCanonizationandPopularizationofRealisminTurkishLiteraryDiscoursethroughTranslation:AConceptual-HistoricalApproach.
HerMAthesis,TracingDiscourseinPrefacestoTurkishTranslationsofFictionPublishedbyRemziPublishingHouseinthe1930sand1940,waspublishedin2010byLAPLambertAcademicPublishing.
ShehaspresentedpapersatinternationalconferencessuchasTRASLATA(2011)andtheThirdTranslationTraditionsConference(2008),BeyondGenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts50LinguisticPlurality:TheTrajectoriesofMultilingualisminTranslation(2016)andRetranslationinContextIII(2017).
Hercurrentresearchinterestsaretranslationhistory,translationtheory,literarytranslation,paratexts,agentsintranslation,conceptualtransfer,discourseanalysis,periodicals,translationandideology.
DrBozkurtisalsoatranslator.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts51JuliaC.
BullockEmoryUniversity,Atlanta,Georgia,USAATALEOFTWOTRANSLATIONS:REINTERPRETINGBEAUVOIRINJAPAN,1953-1997SimonedeBeauvoir'sfamousinsightinTheSecondSexthatoneisnotborn,butbecomes,awomanisoftencreditedforelucidatingcrucialdistinctionsbetweenbiologicalsexandsociallyconstructedgender–theconceptualfoundationformuchofthefeministtheoreticalworkthatfollowed.
InJapan,appreciationofthisimportantdistinctioncontributedtoarisein'second-wave'feministdiscourseinthe1970sthatbecameknownasūmanribu["women'slib"],amovementthatwasinstrumentalinchallengingmanyofthegenderstereotypesthatwereresponsibleforthesocialoppressionofpostwarJapanesewomen.
Butinspiteoftherevolutionaryimpactofthisnewappreciationofgenderwithinfeministdiscourse,Beauvoir'scontributiontothisphilosophicalrevolutionremainedpoorlyunderstood,primarilybecausethefirstJapanesetranslationofTheSecondSexbyIkushimaRyōichi(asDaininosei,1953)gavereadersthemistakenimpressionthatBeauvoirdenigratedbothfemalecorporealityandmotherhood.
JapanesereadersthuscameawayfromtheIkushimatranslationwiththeunderstandingthatBeauvoirarguedwomen'sonlypathtotranscendencewastorefusemotherhoodentirely,anotionthatwasculturallyabhorrentintheearlypostwarcontextinwhichitfirstappeared.
ThispaperwillarguethatmuchoftheconfusionsurroundingIkushima'srenderingofBeauvoirwasproducedbyhishandlingofcrucialtermsthatderivedfromherexistentialistphilosophicalframework,andspecificallythenotionofwoman's'situation'.
WhileBeauvoirunderstoodthistobeculturallyandhistoricallydetermined,Ikushima'smistranslationsgavetheimpressionthatitwasfixedandimmutable,directlycontradictingthephilosopher'soriginalintentionandrenderingmanyofherargumentsnonsensical.
ThesemistranslationsthereforehadimportantconsequencesforthedevelopmentoffeministtheoryinJapaninthefirstfewpostwardecades,andtheconfusiontheyspawnedwasnotdispelleduntilthereleaseofanewversionofDaininoseiin1997byateamofactivistfeministtranslatorsdeterminedtorestoreBeauvoirtoherproperplaceinthehistoryoffeministtheory.
ReferencesInoueTakako(1998)'Gendaifuransunojoseishiso—ShimonudoBovowarukaraKurisutinuDerufie',Furansutetsugakushisokenkyu3:47-61.
InoueTakakoandKimuraNobuko(1997)'Yakushaatogaki',KetteibanDaininoseiI:Jijitsutoshinwa,Tokyo:Shinchosha.
KanaiYoshiko(2002)'SimonedeBeauvoir:Daininosei',inEharaYumikoandKanaiYoshiko(eds)Feminizumunomeicho50,Tokyo:Heibonsha,60-69.
JuliaC.
BullockisAssociateProfessorofJapaneseStudiesatEmoryUniversity,inAtlanta,Georgia.
Herresearchinterestsincludegenderandsexualitystudies,feministtheory,andJapanesewomen'sliteratureandhistory.
SheistheauthorofTheOtherWomen'sLib:GenderandBodyinJapaneseWomen'sFiction,1960-1973(UniversityofHawai'iPress,2010),andhasrecentlycompletedamonographontheimpactofcoeducationonpostwarJapanesegenderroles,entitledCoedsRuiningtheNation.
SheiscurrentlyresearchingabookontheJapanesereceptionofSimonedeBeauvoir'sTheSecondSex.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts52JanButsUniversityofManchester,UKCONCORDANCINGDISCORD:ONLINEALTERNATIVEMEDIAANDTHEVOCABULARYOFDEMOCRACYSeveraldecadesago,RaymondWilliamsassertedinhisnodalstudyofcultureandsocietythat'[no]questionsaremoredifficultthanthoseofdemocracy,inanyofitscentralsenses'(1983:76).
Sincethen,thesequestionshavebecomemorecomplexandgainedsignificantvisibilityinthecontextofcontemporaryradicalpolitics.
Whilereferencesandappealsto'democracy'aboundintoday'sinstitutionalandphilosophicaldiscourses,theyareparticularlyprominentinonlinealternativemediaontheleftofthepoliticalspectrum.
InMcLennan'sview,theubiquityofthetermmightresult'fromtheappealofthecombinationsitformswithvarious–verydifferent–qualifyingterms'(2005:76).
Thispaperseekstoexploresuchqualifyingterms,andexaminehowandwhytheyarediscursivelymobilizedinonlineactivistpublications.
ThispresentationaddressesthesequestionsbydrawingontheGenealogiesofKnowledgeCorpus,whichaimstochartchangesinthemeaningofkeyconceptspertainingtothebodypoliticandscientificexpertiseastheyhavetravelledacrosscenturies,languagesandculturesthroughtranslation.
Specifically,mystudyfocusesonaspecializedsubcorpusofInternetdiscourse,consistingofarticlespublishedinvariouspoliticallyorientedmediaoutlets,andreportsontheresultsofacollocationalanalysisof'democracy'basedonSinclair'squadrupleframeworkofcollocation,colligation,semanticpreferenceandsemanticprosody(SinclairandCarter2004).
Byextractingthevariousfacesof'democracy'fromtheirhyperlinkedenvironment,andsubjectingthemtoadata-drivencomparativeanalysis,thepaperclarifiestheongoingstruggleforasinglevocabularyitemthatgovernsagargantuanconceptualspace.
ReferencesGenealogiesofKnowledge:TheEvolutionandContestationofConceptsacrossTimeandSpace:http://genealogiesofknowledge.
net/genealogies-knowledge-corpus/McLennan,G.
(2005)'Democracy',inT.
Bennett,L.
GrossbergandM.
Morris(eds)NewKeywords:Arevisedvocabularyofcultureandsociety,Malden,Oxford&Carlton:BlackwellPublishing,72-76.
Sinclair,J.
&R.
Carter(eds)(2004)TrusttheText:Language,corpusanddiscourse,London:Routledge.
Williams,R.
(1983)Keywords:Avocabularyofcultureandsociety,London:HarperCollinsPublishers,2ndedition.
JanButsisaPhDcandidateattheUniversityofManchester'sCentreforTranslationandInterculturalStudies,andaparticipantinitsGenealogiesofKnowledgeproject.
Heiscurrentlyconductingcorpus-linguisticanalysesoftherecentlinguistictrajectoryofkeyconceptspertainingtothebodypolitic.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts53MaríaCalzada-PérezUniversitatJaumeI,SpainCORPUS-BASEDGENEALOGIESOFKNOWLEDGEAccordingtoFoucault(2003),theterm"genealogy"referstoadeconstructivetechniqueoftruthinwhichtheresearcherexploresthespatialandchronologicalproliferationofdominantconcepts,identifyingdifferencesandsimilaritiesalongtheaxesofbothtimeandspacetounveilcomplex,heterogeneousrealitiesunderneathapparentlyhomogenous,uniformconstructsimposedduringthecourseofpowerstruggles.
Todate,Corpus-basedTranslationStudieshasdrawnonpowerfultoolstoidentifyandquantitativelymeasuredifferences,butresearchfocusingonsimilaritiesremainsscarceanddiachronicstudieslagbehindsynchronicinvestigations.
Focusingonissuesofmethodologyandgenealogy,thispresentationwilldrawheavilyonModernDiachronicCorpus-AssistedDiscourseStudiestoexaminedifferencesandsimilaritiesbetweenoriginalandtranslatedtextthroughout"comparativelybriefperiodsofmoderntimes"(Partingtonetal.
2013:265).
Itsstartingassumption,inagreementwithTaylor(2013:83–84),isthatbyidentifyingonlydifferencesbetweensourceandtargettexts"weeffectivelycreatea'blindspot'"thatcanonlyberectifiedbysupplementingthisfocuswithaninvestigationofsimilarities.
Thecurrentstudythereforesetsouttoinvestigatebothtypesofrelationbycombiningtraditionalcorpusanalysistools(suchaswordlists,keywordlistsandconcordances)withinnovativeCLtools(e.
g.
,detailedconsistencyrelations,keykeywordsandassociates,lockwords,c-collocatesands-collocates)(Partingtonetal.
2013).
ThedataconsistsoftheEuropeanComparableandParallelCorpusArchiveofParliamentarySpeeches(ECPC).
CompiledattheUniversitatJaumeI(Spain),thisarchive(ofover100milliontokens)coverstheperiod2004-2011andconsistsoforiginalandtranslatedEnglishand/orSpanishproceedingsoftheEuropeanParliament,theSpanishCongresodelosDiputadosandtheBritishHouseofCommons.
ECPCincorporatescontextual(sociolinguisticandsociocultural)andmetalinguisticinformation,thelatterrelatingtothespeakers'status,gender,constituency,partyaffiliation,birth-date,birthplace,post,andinstitutionalbodyandsub-bodyofrepresentation,allencodedusingXMLannotation.
TheECPCArchivehasamodularstructurethatmakescomparisonalongthespatialandtemporalaxespossible.
ReferencesFoucault,M.
(2003)TheEssentialFoucault:SelectionsfromessentialworksofFoucault,1954-1984,NewYork:TheNewPress.
Partington,A.
,A.
Duguid&C.
Taylor(eds)(2013)PatternsandMeaningsinDiscourse:TheoryandpracticeinCorpus-AssistedDiscourseStudies(CADS),Amsterdam/Philadelphia:JohnBenjamins.
Taylor,C.
(2013)'SearchingforSimilarityUsingCorpus-AssistedDiscourseStudies',Corpora8(1):81–113.
MaríaCalzada-PérezisFullProfessorofTranslationStudiesatUniversitatJaumeI.
Herresearchfocusesoncorpus-basedtranslationstudies,institutionaltranslation(especiallytranslationattheEuropeanParliament),translationpedagogy,ideology,andadvertising.
SheisPrincipalCoordinatoroftheECPC(EuropeanComparableandParallelCorporaofParliamentarySpeeches)researchgroup.
Shehasproducedbooksandpaperssuchas(i)Calzada-Pérez,María(2007)TransitivityinTranslating:TheInterdependenceofTextureandContext,Bern:PeterLang;(ii)Calzada-Pérez,María(2010)'LearningfromObamaandClinton:UsingIndividuals'CorporaintheClassroom'inM.
MorenoJaénetal.
(eds)ExploringNewPathsinLanguagePedagogy,London:Equinox,191-212;and(ii)Calzada-Pérez,María(2017)'FiveTurnsoftheScrew.
ACADSanalysisoftheEuropeanParliament',JournalofLanguageandPolitics:Online-Firstarticles.
SheisalsoeditorofvolumessuchasCalzada-Pérez,María(2003)AproposofIdeology,Manchester:St.
Jerome.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts54LeoTak-hungChanLingnanUniversity,HongKongAGAINSTTHEEUROCENTRIC"MAPPING"OFCHINESEPHILOSOPHICALTERMS:THEUSESOFLITERALISMANDTRANSLITERATIONThepublicationofthreearticlesonthetranslationofChinesephilosophicaltextsbyJonathanRée,EskeMllgaardandWiebkeDeneckeinrecentyearshasopenednewperspectivesonthesubject.
Thethrustoftheirrespectiveargumentscanbesummarizedasfollows.
RéeisdissatisfiedwiththemannerinwhichChinesephilosophicalterminologyhasbeendefamiliarizedintranslation,incontrasttotheexoticizingapproachthatistypicallyfollowedwhentranslatingterminologyusedbycontinentalEuropeanphilosophers.
Ontheotherhand,Mllgaardcritiquesthewayinwhich,underthe'philosophicalturn'intranslation,ChineseconceptsarereinterpretedfromaEurocentricperspective–and,inanextremecase,translatedtosupportpostmodern,deconstructionistreadings.
Finally,DeneckeattacksthewayinwhichthetranslationofChinesephilosophicaltermssubtendsabeliefintheuniversalityofWesternideas,astranslatorsinterpretChinesephilosophicalconceptsviathoseofhumanism,skepticismandmysticism.
AllthreescholarschallengethetraditionofChinesephilosophytranslationoverthepasttwocenturiesanddrawattentiontotheconstraintsthatthecorpusresultingfromthattranslationtraditionimposesontranslators,whoareoftenunabletofollowtheirpersonalpreferences.
UnlikeWesternsinologists/philosophers,Chinesetranslationtheoristshavecomeforwardwithnewproposalstotacklethisproblem.
ThesereflecttheprioritiesofgovernmentpoliciesonthetranslationofChineseclassics,andofteninvolvetheextensivedeploymentofnativeChinesespeakersin"outwardtranslations"ofphilosophicalworks,soastounderminetheEurocentrisminphilosophicaltranslations.
JudgingfromrecentpublicationsonthesubjectinthePeople'sRepublicofChina,twostrategicalternativesareviewedasviable.
Oneinvolvestheuseofextremeliteralism,inwhichimportantphilosophicalconceptsarerenderedin'ChinaEnglish'(nottobeconfusedwith'Chinglish'),andtheotheristheuseoftransliteration,meantasresistanceagainstthedomesticationmethod.
Bothshowadesiretocounterthe'mapping'method,wherebyequivalencesaresoughtfromwithintheEuropeansystem,inanapproachthatisperhapsmorecongenialtothetranslationofliterary,ratherthanphilosophical,texts.
ThispresentationexploreshowWesternandChinesetranslatorshavetranslatedseveralkeyterms(benevolence/ren,ether/qi,gentleman/junzi,fiveelements/wuxing)inthepasttwentyyears;itwilldocumenttheshiftsfromanolder(sinological,familiarizing)toanewer(source-initiated,alienating)methodinrepresentingtheChinese'scienceofwisdom'toaWesternaudience,andponderontheepistemologicalrevolutionthatmightensue.
ReferencesAmes,R.
T.
&D.
L.
Hall(1987)ThinkingthroughConfucius,NewYork:StateUniversityofNewYorkPress.
FengYoulan(1952/63)AHistoryofChinesePhilosophy,TranslatedbyD.
Bodde,2Volumes,Princeton:PrincetonUniversityPress.
Denecke,W.
(2006)'DisciplinesinTranslation:FromChinesephilosophytoChinesewhat',Culture,TheoryandCritique47(1):23-38.
Rée,J.
(2001)'TheTranslationofPhilosophy',NewLiteraryHistory32(2):223-57.
Mllgaard,E.
(2005)'EclipseofReading:Onthe'PhilosophicalTurn'inAmericanSinology',Dao:AJournalofComparativePhilosophy4(2):321-340.
LeoTak-hungChanisProfessorofTranslationandHeadoftheDepartmentofTranslation,LingnanUniversity,HongKong.
HisarticleshaveappearedinHarvardJournalofAsiaticStudies,TranslationandInterpretingStudies,TranslationStudiesintheNewMillennium,Perspectives,ComparativeLiteratureStudies,TranslationStudies,TTR,andTheTranslator,amongotherjournals.
HismajorscholarlypublicationsGenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts55include:OneintoMany:TranslationandtheDisseminationofClassicalChineseLiterature(RodopiEditions,2003);Twentieth-CenturyChineseTranslationTheory:Modes,IssuesandDebates(JohnBenjamins,2004)andReaders,ReadingandReceptionofTranslatedProseFictioninChinese:NovelEncounters(St.
Jerome,2010).
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts56DavidCharlstonUniversityofManchester,UKREPOSITIONINGHEGEL'S'MASTER-SLAVE'NARRATIVEINTHE'FREEWORLD'FollowingWorldWarII,GermanphilosophyplayedanimportantroleinthetransformationofWesternLiberalDemocracy.
Populistnarrativesofananti-communist'FreeWorld'(Bird2006;Davies2017;Mure1949)initiatedaselectiverepositioningofphilosophers,withtargetedretranslationsofkeytextsintoEnglish.
ThepaperarguesthatunderstandingthepositioningoftranslatorsmakesasignificantcontributiontopoliticalknowledgeandenhancesactiveengagementwithtextssuchasHegel'sPhenomenology.
TheargumentispresentedwithreferencetoA.
V.
Miller'sretranslationofHegel'sfamous'master/slave'narrative,showinghowthetranslatedtextwasre-framedagainstthechangingsocio-politicalcontextofthecold-war.
Thisanalysisissupportedbysocio-narrativetheory(Baker2006)andBourdieusiansociology(Hanna2016).
Hegelusesthemaster/slavenarrative–asophisticatedderivativeofDefoe'sstoryofRobinsonCrusoeandFriday–toexplainthephenomenonofhumanself-consciousness:twoindependentmindsgraduallybecome'self-conscious'followingaface-to-faceconflict.
Hegel'sGermanterms'Herr'and'Knecht'suggestafeudalsettinginwhich'lord'and'bondsman'renegotiatetheirasymmetricrelationshipintermsoflimitedbutmutualrespect.
However,inthecold-warcontextofMiller'sretranslation,moretopicalnarrativelayershadbecomesuperimposedonthisphenomenologicalallegory.
Hegel's'master/slave'dialecticbecameincreasinglypoliticized,primarilybyMarxandKojève,sothat,forsome,thetwocharactershadcometosymbolizetheconflictbetweenthedominantbourgeoisieandtheenslavedworkingclasses.
Miller'sretranslationresiststhisinterpretation,rehabilitatingHegelasaphilosopherofthehierarchicalbutcautiouslyliberal'OrganicState'(Mure1949),andtherebycontestingallegedlinkswithcommunismbut,atthesametime,questioningthedevelopmentofafacileneoliberalismbasedonarigidconceptionofeconomicfreedom(Davies2017).
ThepresentationwilldemonstratehowMiller'sretranslationcontributestothere-conceptualizationofpoliticalfreedombyre-framingthemaster/slavestory.
Detailsinthetextandparatextswillbeexplainedwithreferencetothewidercontext,especiallywheretheparatextsexplicitlyframepersonalandtheoreticalnarrativesrelevanttothedevelopmentofliberal,socialistandalternativepoliticaltheory(Bird2006).
ReferencesBaker,M.
(2006)TranslationandConflict,London&NewYork:Routledge.
Bird,C.
(2006)AnIntroductiontoPoliticalPhilosophy,Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress.
Davies,W.
(2017)TheLimitsofNeoliberalism,London:SAGE.
Hanna,S.
(2016)BourdieuinTranslationStudies:Thesocio-culturaldynamicsofShakespearetranslationinEgypt,NewYork&London:Routledge.
Mure,G.
R.
G.
(1949)'TheOrganicState',Philosophy24(90):205-218.
DrDavidCharlston,MMus,MITI,MCIOLisafreelancetranslatorandindependentresearcher.
HecompletedhisPhDinTranslationandInterculturalStudiesattheUniversityofManchesterin2012andhasrecentlybeenappointedHonoraryResearchFellowattheCentreforTranslationandInterculturalStudiesinManchester(CTIS).
Heiscurrentlyhelpingwiththecorpus-buildingphaseoftheGenealogiesofKnowledgeproject.
HispersonalresearchrelatestotheinfluenceofretranslationsofGermanphilosophyontheshapinganddisseminationofliberalpoliticaltheory.
HehaspublishedworkinTheTranslatorandinRadicalPhilosophy,andiscurrentlywritingamonographforRoutledgeAdvancesinTranslationandInterpretingGenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts57StudiesonthelifeandworkofA.
V.
Miller,whoretranslatedsixHegeltitlesduringthecold-warera.
HeisamemberoftheHegelSocietyofGreatBritainandtheHegelSocietyofAmerica.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts58I-HsinChenChineseUniversityofHongKong,HongKongRETHINKINGKNOWLEDGETHROUGHTHEEARLYENGLISHTRANSLATIONSOFZHUXI'SSTUDYOFL理ThispresentationanalyzestheearlyEnglishtranslationsofZhuXi'sstudyoflǐ(理:'principle','law','fate'or'pattern')byJamesLegge(1815-1897),ThomasMcClatchie(1815-1885)andJosephPercyBruce(1861-1934).
AcentralfigureinChinesehistory,ZhuXicontributedtotherenewalofConfucianism,theformationofscienceandthedevelopmentoftheartofstatecraftinChina.
Hisstudyoflǐ,whichcombinescosmologicalinvestigationwithspiritualpractice,revealssignificantdifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternworldviewsandchallengesWesternclassificationsofknowledge.
ThispaperaimstoexploretheextenttowhichthetranslationsoflǐbyLegge,McClatchieandBrucetransformedphilosophicalandreligiousknowledgeinnineteenth-andearlytwenty-centuryEurope.
ItwillbearguedthatthesetranslationsdemonstratethegreatpromisearisingfromandconsiderabledifficultyinvolvedinconstructingSino-Westerndialogue;andrevealthecrucialrolethattranslationplaysinquestioningandre-conceptualizingknowledgeaspartoftheprocessofacculturationbetweentwoormultipletraditions.
Legge(1861;1893),whotranslateslǐas'principle',believesthatZhu'sideaofaheavenlyprincipleisrelevanttoChristiantheology–whileacknowledgingthedifferencesbetweenZhu'sstudyandChristianity.
McClatchie(1874)translateslǐas'fate',thuscharacterizingZhu'sstudyasalientoChristianity.
Finally,bytranslatinglǐas'law',Bruce(1922;1923)foregroundsZhu'scapacitytoenableamoreintegralviewofphilosophyandreligion.
Overall,thispresentationhopestoilluminateadynamicyethithertounder-discussedprocessofknowledgeconstructionthroughtranslationacrossChinaandtheWest.
ReferencesBruce,J.
P.
(1922)ThePhilosophyofHumanNaturebyChuHsi,translatedfromtheChinese,withnotes,London:Probsthain&Co.
Bruce,J.
P.
(1923)ChuHsiandHisMasters:AnIntroductiontoChuHsiandtheSungSchoolofChinesephilosophy,London:Probsthain&Co.
Legge,J.
(1861)TheChineseClassics,Vol.
I:ConfucianAnalects,TheGreatLearning,andTheDoctrineoftheMean,HongKong:AttheAuthor's;London:Trübner.
Legge,J.
(1893/1970)TheChineseClassics.
Vol.
I:ConfucianAnalects,TheGreatLearning,andTheDoctrineoftheMean,2ndedition,printedasaneweditionin1960.
Reprintedin1970.
HongKong:HongKongUniversityPress.
McClatchie,T.
(1874)ConfucianCosmogony.
Atranslationofsectionforty-nineofthe"CompleteWorks"ofthephilosopherChoo-Foo-Tzewithexplanatorynotes,Shanghai:AmericanPresbyterianMissionPress.
I-HsinChenisAssistantProfessorintheDepartmentofTranslationattheChineseUniversityofHongKong,whereshehasspentoneyearconductingresearchonthetranslationofkeyChineseculturalconceptsasapostdoctoralfellow.
ShereceivedherPh.
D.
inTranslationandInterculturalStudiesattheUniversityofManchester,UK.
Herdoctoralthesisdiscussedreligion,dialogismandintertextualityinJamesLegge'stranslationoftheConfucianAnalects.
Shehaspublishedarticlesinvariousjournals,includingTranslationStudies,InternationalCommunicationofChineseCulture,TranslationandInterpretingStudies(forthcoming2017),andJournalofTranslationStudies(forthcoming2017).
Herresearchinterestsincludetranslationstudies,Chinesestudies,philosophyandreligiousstudies,andcross-culturalcommunication.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts59ChristinaDelistathiBirkbeck,UniversityofLondon,UKCOLLABORATIONINTHETRANSLATIONOFTHESELECTEDWORKSOFMARXANDENGELSThispaperinvestigatesthecollaborativeworkingpracticesofagentsinvolvedintheGreektranslationoftheSelectedWorksofMarxandEngels(1951)–publishedbytheCommunistPartyofGreeceandtranslatedbyagroupofpartymembersemployedas'professionals'.
Whilecollaborativetranslationgoesbackalongwayandhasbeendocumentedindifferentcontexts(e.
g.
religious,feministandnon-professionaltranslation),thehistoryofsuchpracticesremainsaneglectedareaofinquiryinTranslationStudies.
Indeed,translationinthe'West'hasbeentraditionallyapproachedasasolitaryundertaking(Bistué2013)–withtheexceptionofstudiesonBibletranslationandothertranslationscarriedoutinMedievalandRenaissanceEurope,andmorerecentresearchontheworkofnetworkedamateurtranslatorsinthedigitalculture.
Thispaper'sbasicpremiseisthatworkingpracticesmouldtranslations,andthattranslators'contributiontointellectualhistorycannotbefullyappreciatedunlessweunderstandhowtheyworked.
Inthisstudy,theagentsinvolvedinthetranslationofSelectedWorksofMarxandEngelswerepoliticalrefugeeswhohadfledGreeceintheaftermathoftheparty'sdefeatintheCivilWar(1946-1949)andworkedinitsBucharestTranslationDepartment.
Basedonunpublishedarchivalmaterialandhistoricalresearch,thepaperexaminestheworkingpracticesoftranslatorsintermsofperceptionsofwhatitmeanttobea'professional'.
Professionalizationfashionedthepartyastheexpertwhohadtherighttotranslateandprescribethe'correct'waytotranslateMarxisttexts.
Studyingthesecollaborativeworkingpracticesrevealsthepowerdynamicsbetweendifferentagents;showswhichaspectsoftranslationwereconsideredimportant;andinformsusabouttranslationstrategiesandagendasshapingtexts.
Inthetranslationprojectthatthispresentationreportson,translatingwas,asSt.
André(2010)notesinrelationtotheChinesecontext,"amulti-layeredandmulti-stagedprocess".
Collaborationbetween'professionals'resultedinveryliteralGreeklanguageversionsthatwerethenmademoreidiomatic,revised,typedandproofreadbyotheragentsbeforethetranslationwasapprovedforpublicationbytheeditor.
Examiningthetranslationpracticesinthiscasestudycanyieldabetterunderstandingoftheproductionoftranslatedtextsanddevisenewapproachestotheorizecollaborativetranslation.
ReferencesBistué,B.
(2013)CollaborativeTranslationandMulti-VersionTextsinEarlyModernEurope,LondonandNewYork:Routledge.
St.
André,J.
(2010)'LessonsfromChineseHistory:Translationasacollaborativeandmulti-stagedprocess',TTR23(1):71-94.
ChristinaDelistathi'sresearchfocusesonthetranslationofpoliticaltextsbycounter-hegemonicinstitutionsandactivistnetworks.
ShehaspublishedonthetranslationsoftheCommunistManifestointoGreek,andontheconstructionofMarxistdiscoursewithinthecontextofpowerstrugglesforthecontrolofMarxisttheory.
Hercurrentresearchinterestsincludethestudyofpoliticallyengagedtranslators'workingpracticesandtheeffectsoftheseontranslatedtextsanddiscourses,aswellasthestudyofacademicwritingthroughahistoricalperspective.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts60TanselDemirelBogaziiUniversity,TurkeyZIYAGKALP'SVIEWSONTHEPRODUCTIONOFSOCIOLOGYANDSCIENTIFICTERMINOLOGYINTURKISHThescholarlyliteraturetendstoframetheworkofZiyaGkalp(1876-1924),whoisconsideredtobethefounderofTurkishsociology,astheproductofa"simple"transferortranslationof"Westernsociology".
ThisbodyofliteraturedoesnotengagecriticallywiththesignificanceofthepracticesoftransferandtranslationinthecontextofGkalp'sworkandtheknowledgeproductionprocessesthatunderpinit.
Alargenumberofscholars,forexample,havedrawnattentiontothelimitedoriginalityofGkalp'swork–mostlyonaccountofhis"borrowing"ofmanyconceptualtoolsfromFrenchsociology.
However,sofartherehasbeennoin-depthstudyontherelationshipbetweenGkalp'scontributiontotheproductionofsociologicalknowledgeandspecializedsociologicalterminologyinTurkish,andtheideasheputforwardontransfer,translationandoriginality.
ThispaperattemptstoshedsomelightuponthisissuebyexaminingGkalp'sideasonterminologicalproductionwithinhisbroadertheorizationofculturalchange.
ItwillfirstexaminethelinguisticchangesthatTurkishwentthroughintheearlytwentiethcentury.
Amongsuchchanges,itwillfocusonlinguisticborrowings,thatGkalpviewedasquintessentialexamplesofsocietalcontacts(aswellastruemarkersofculturalboundaries).
Iwillthenexaminehisapproachtothetransferofscientificand,specifically,sociologicalknowledgeintoaculturallyandlinguisticallydifferentandrapidlychangingsociety.
IwilltrytoelucidatehowheconceptualizedtheproductionofsociologicalknowledgeandterminologyinTurkish,andrelatedittotheissuesoforiginalityandtranslation(andtherebytotheproblemofculturalboundaries).
Drawingparallelsbetweentheborrowingof"foreign"termsandtheborrowingofinstitutionsfromothernations,GkalpviewstheproductionofscientifictermsinTurkish(basicallythroughtranslation)asaprimeexampleoforiginalcreationandanintegralpartofhiswayofdoingsociology.
ThispresentationwillshowthatGkalp'sconceptionoftranslation(tercüme),transfer(nakil)andoriginal(orijinal)isquitedifferentfromtheirdominantcounterpartsinthemodernworld;itwillalsodemonstratehow,byusingtheseterms,heunderlinestheassimilativecapacityofthereceivinglanguageandculture.
TanselDemirelisaPhDstudentintheDepartmentofTranslationStudiesatBoaziiUniversity,Istanbul.
HecurrentlyworksasaninstructoratOkanUniversity,Istanbul.
HehasworkedasatranslatorandeditorforanumberofTurkishpublishinghouses.
HistranslationsintoTurkishincludeThePoliticsandPoeticsofTranslationinTurkey,1923-1960byehnazTahirGüralar;EvliyaelebiinDiyarbekir,editedbyBoeschotenandvanBruinessen;TheGreatWarandthe20thCentury,editedbyWinter,ParkerandHabeck;Poetry'sVoice,Society'sSongbyWalterAndrews;OttomanManufacturingintheAgeoftheIndustrialRevolutionbyDonaldQuataert,andMasamiArai'sTurkishNationalismintheYoungTurkEra.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts61JorisvanEijnattenUtrechtUniversity,NetherlandsCONCEPTSANDCONCEPTIONSINDIGITALHISTORYDigitalhistoriansoftenclaimthattheyarecapableoftracingconceptsusingdigitaltechniques.
Butisthis,infact,whattheydoinpracticeDotheyactuallytraceconceptsinthemoretheoreticalorphilosophicalsenseofthetermOraretheytracingsomethinglesspreciseandlesswell-definedFollowingdiscussionsthatgobacktoatleastthe1950s(e.
g.
Gallie1964,Kosselleck1979,Macià1998),wecoulddistinguishbetweenconceptssensustrictoandconceptssensulato,andcallthelatter'conceptions'ratherthan'concepts'.
Conceptionsdenotethelessprecisenotionscommonlypursuedbymosthistorians–variouslyreferredtoasthoughts,ideas,views,beliefs,orevenimages,perspectives,opinions,convictions,intentions,feelings,pointsofview,considerations,andsoon.
Unlikeconcepts,conceptionscannotbepreciselydemarcated;atbesttheycanbedescribedonthebasisofinformationspecifictothecontextinwhichthewordisused.
Presumably,inmostcases,conceptssensustrictounderlieconceptions,andwheretheydotheseconceptsaredifficulttomakeexplicit.
Intechnicalphilosophicalterms,thedifferencebetweenaconceptandaconceptioncouldthenbedescribedasfollows:Concept_M=amentalrepresentationoftheconceptM,thecontentofwhichisdeterminedbytheattributeP(e.
g.
'sovereigntyasthequalityofhavingsupremepower').
Conception_M=arepresentationoftheattributePthatisconsideredtobeconstitutiveoftheconceptM,whereMcannoteasilybeidentified(e.
g.
'powertothepeople',whichcanmeanmultiplethings,including'popularsovereignty',whichinturnisnotthesameas'sovereignty').
Inthecontextofdigitalhumanitiesordigitalhistory,aclearerdistinctionbetweenconceptsandconceptionsisrequiredforatleasttworeasons.
Firstly,digitalhumanitiesoftenhasaninterdisciplinaryfocus.
Becausephilosophers,linguistsandhistorianstendtousethetermsdifferently(cf.
Kuukanen2008;BettiandVandenBerg2014),somemeasureofclarityisdesirable,ifonlytopreventadialogueofthedeaf.
Secondly,thematerialusedbyhistorianswhenapplyingdigitalmethodsandtechniques,rangingfromfrequencycountsandcollocatestotopicmodellingandwordembeddings,oftenlendsitselfbettertoahistoryofconceptionsthanconceptualhistory.
Thispresentationarguesthathistoriansshouldperhapsreassesstheirclaims.
ReferencesBetti,A.
andH.
vandenBerg(2014)'ModellingtheHistoryofIdeas',BritishJournalfortheHistoryofPhilosophy22:812-835.
Macià,J.
(1998)'OnConceptsandConceptions',PhilosophicalIssues9:175-185.
Gallie,W.
B.
(1964)PhilosophyandtheHistoricalUnderstanding,London,ChattoandWindus.
Koselleck,R.
(ed.
)(1979)HistorischeSemantikundBegriffsgeschichte,Stuttgart:Klett-Cotta.
Kuukkanen,J.
(2008)'MakingSenseofConceptualChange',HistoryandTheory47:351-372.
Asaculturalhistorian,JorisvanEijnatten(DepartmentofHistoryandArtHistory,UtrechtUniversity)worksonvariousinterrelatedfields,includingthehistoryofideas,religion,mediaandcommunication.
Hisresearchinvolvessourcematerialrangingfromtheeighteenthcenturytothepresent.
Jorisisaneditoroftheopen-accessjournalHCM,theInternationalJournalforHistory,CultureandModernity.
HiscurrentprojectsinvolvedigitalhumanitiesresearchintopopularconceptionsofEuropeandmodernityintwentieth-centurynewspapers.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts62AhmedElimamUniversityofLeicester,UKMEDIA,TRANSLATIONANDTHECONSTRUCTIONOFTHEMUSLIMIMAGE:ANARRATIVEPERSPECTIVETheknowledgeconstructedbythemediawhilstreportingoneventscancreate,feedintoand/orcirculatecertainnarrativesaboutgivenpeoples,andthereforedirectthewayinwhichreceiversthinkaboutthem.
Translationplaysacrucialroleinthiscontextsincemedia-createdknowledgeornarrativescannottravelacrosslinguisticandculturalboundarieswithoutthehelpoftranslators.
Withrespecttoreportingona"violent"event,themediamoreoftenthannotpresenttheQur'anandIslamasprimarymotivationsforsomeoftheatrocitiesthathaverecentlybeenseenaroundtheworld.
Theresultofthisprocessisthatalargebodyof"biased"knowledgeabouttheQur'anand,inturn,aboutIslamandMuslims,iscirculatedpubliclyandarguablyaccordedagreatdealofcredibility(Goffman1981).
LookingspecificallyathowthemediareportsonnewsofviolenteventsinwhichIslamisevoked,thispresentationaimstoidentifyhowspecificversesfromtheQur'anarequotedincontextsofviolence,therebyprovidingan"explanation"forindividualactsbyrelatingthemdirectlytotheMuslims'holybook.
Torealizethisaim,thepresentationstartsoffwithabriefliteraturereviewinordertoidentifysomeofthecommonnarratives(re)producedbytheBritishmediainrelationtotheQur'an,sinceknowledgeofhowtheholybookisperceivedinfluencespublicperceptionofIslamandMuslims.
Drawingonnarrativetheory(Baker2006),Iintroducepublicandmeta-narrativeswhicharerelevanttothedataanalysis.
UsingLexisNexisnewspaperarchives,IidentifytheQur'anicversesrepeatedlyusedbyUKnationalnewspapersbetween11/9/2001and1/9/2016.
Ithenqualitativelyexaminetwoofthenewspaperarticlesfeaturingthemostrepeatedversetoestablishhownarrativefeatures(selectiveappropriation,causalemplotment,temporalityandrelationality)areusedtoframethereaders'understandingandrelateindividualactsofviolencetotheQur'an.
Bysheddingmorelightontheactiveroleoftranslationinthemedia,Ihopetoraiseawarenessofthedangersposedbymisrepresentingtheworld'ssecondlargestreligion,andmoreimportantly,ofthedangersposedbyacceptingwhatispresentedtousasnewsunquestioningly.
ReferencesBaker,M.
(2006)TranslationandConflict:ANarrativeAccount,London&NewYork:Routledge.
Goffman,E.
(1981)FormsofTalk,Philadelphia:UniversityofPennsylvaniaPress.
DrAhmedElimamobtainedhisPhDinTranslationStudiesfromtheUniversityofManchesterin2009.
HeiscurrentlyalecturerinTranslationStudiesattheUniversityofLeicester,whereheteachestranslationtheoryandpracticeatundergraduateandpostgraduatelevels.
DrElimampreviouslytaughtattheUniversityofStAndrewsandtheUniversityofManchester.
HisresearchinterestslieintheareasofArabicliterarytranslation,Qur'anTranslation,andTranslationandIdeology.
HeisparticularlyinterestedinthestylisticchallengesthattranslatorsofArabicingeneralandtheQur'aninparticularcomeacrossandthetotaleffectoftheirchoicesontheirrespectiveoutput.
Hisrecentpublicationsinclude:'TranslatingtheQur'anintoEnglish:TargetReaders'Expectations'(2017),'TheTranslationoftheQur'an:DifferentLoyalties'(2014)and'MarkedWordOrderintheQur'ananditsEnglishTranslations:PatternsandMotivations'(2013).
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts63EivindEngebretsen&JohndemarkUniversityofOslo,NorwayTRANSLATINGTRANSLATION–EXPANDINGTHEKNOWLEDGETRANSLATIONMETAPHORModernmedicineisconfrontedwithculturalcrossingsinvariousforms.
Ontheonehand,therecentwaveofmigrationimposesanewawarenessabouttheculturaldimensionsofbothphysicalandpsychologicaltherapy.
Ontheotherhand,religiousandideologicalradicalizationraisesnewquestionsabouthowtodrawthelinebetweenpathologyandconviction,andhowtodealwithculturalandreligiousdiscontentinclinicalsettings.
The2014LancetCommissiononCultureandHealthpointedoutthat'thedistinctionbetweentheobjectivityofscienceandthesubjectivityofcultureisitselfasocialfact'(2014:1607).
InlinewiththeLancetCommission'sstance,wemaintainthatthereisaneedforafundamentalquestioningoftheculturaldistinctionbetweentheobjectivityofscienceandthesubjectivityofculture,thegeneralityofthenaturalsciencesandthesingularityofthehumanities.
Inthispresentation,wefirstarguethatmedicalknowledgetranslation(KT)isbasedonasimplisticviewoftranslationandknowledgedissemination,aviewthattoalargeextenttakestranslationasaphenomenonforgranted.
Moreover,wemaintainthatthepracticeofKTmightbenefitfromincorporatingmoretheoreticalnotionsoftranslationasanentangledmaterial,textualandculturalprocesswhichinevitablyimpactsthe'originalscientificmessage'.
ThelinearconceptionoftranslationinherentinKThasmotivatedresearcherstoabandonthemetaphorandreplaceitwithnotionssuchas'co-creation'or'transformation'.
Weinsteadadvocatethatthereisatheoreticalandpracticalpotentialintheconceptoftranslationthatrisksbeinglostwiththeintroductionofanewterminology.
Thefactthattranslationhasbecomeatoposinmodernscience,withtheabilitytoassembleanarrayofdivergentapproachesandpracticesunderonename,makesitakeyinstrumentfortransdisciplinaryexchange.
Inthissituation,conceptsandpracticesoftranslationhaveanunexploitedpotentialforbridgingthegapbetweenmedicineandsocial/humansciences.
ReferencesNapier,D.
(2014)'TheLancetCommissiononCultureandHealth',TheLancet384:1607–1639.
URL:http://www.
thelancet.
com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)61603-2/abstract(lastaccessed29May2017).
EivindEngebretsenisProfessorofMedicalEpistemologyandResearchDirector(asthefirstwithahumansciencebackground)attheFacultyofMedicine,UniversityofOslo,Norway.
Hiscurrentresearchisconcernedwiththediscourseof'knowledgetranslation'withinmedicine,itsdifferentgenealogiesandhowitmightbeexpandedbydrawingontheoriesoftranslationfromlinguistics,philosophyandanthropology.
HeleadstheresearchgroupKNOWIT–KnowledgeinTranslation.
Engebretsen'soriginalityasaresearcherliesinhisabilityto'bridgethegap'betweenthemedicalandthehumansciencesandtoengagewithacademicdiscoursesinbothfields.
Hehaspublishedinleadingjournalsinmedicine(e.
g.
TheLancetandtheBritishMedicalJournal)andthehumanities(e.
g.
SocialHistory)andcollaboratedwithinfluentialscholarsinbothdisciplines,includingtheFrench-BulgarianphilosopherandpsychoanalystJuliaKristeva,theOxfordacademicandphysicianTrishaGreenhalgh,andtheHarvardanthropologistandphysicianPaulFarmer.
JohndemarkisAssociateProfessorofCulturalHistory.
Hismainresearchthemeisculturaltranslation,thetranslationofknowledgeandearlymodernencountersbetweenEuropeandAmerica,andthehistoryofthehumansciences.
Hisdoctoraldissertationexaminedculturaltranslationandearlymodernculturalencounters,andhispost-doctoralprojectwasconcernedwithAmazoniaasatoposinculturaltheory,ethno-politicsandpopularculture.
demarkhasampleexperienceinresearchGenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts64collaborationandresearchmanagementasaPIinarangeofprojects,includingTheBodyinTranslation–ChallengingandReinventingMedicalKnowledgeTranslation(withE.
Engebretsen,UniversityofOslo)and'TheBodyinTranslation–EarlyModernCulturalTranslationandtheConstitutionoftheHumanSciences(withMichaelWintroub,UniversityofCaliforniaBerkeley).
HehasbeenakeynotespeakerattheannualconferencesoftheAssociationofAuthorisedTranslatorsinNorwayandtheNon-fictionWritersandTranslatorsOrganization.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts65JonathanEvansUniversityofPortsmouth,UKGATE-KEEPING,TRANSLATIONANDRE-EVALUATIONINCRITICALTHEORY:MCKENZIEWARKANDPOLITICALTHOUGHTInhismorerecentwork,Australian-bornculturalandmediatheoristMcKenzieWarktakestheroleofarchaeologistandgatekeeper,diggingouttheoriesandscholarshipthathavebeenoverlookedtodevelophisownaestheticandpoliticalideasandcreateagenealogyofthoseideas.
ThispaperwilldiscusshowWark'swritingselectivelycontributestotheafterlifeofideasthroughrepurposingthemaspartofhisownargument.
Earlierwork,includingtheinvestigationofthemediatizationofglobalflowsofinformationinVirtualGeography(1994)andthetechnologyfocusedTheHackerManifesto(2004)andGamerTheory(2007),interactedwithotherscholarshipbutfocusedonthecreationofconcepts.
Hismorerecentworkhas,however,shiftedtowardsanexplicitlydialogicmethodologyofrecoveringandrepurposingexistingideas.
IntwopopularisingbooksontheSituationists,TheBeachBeneaththeStreet(2011)andTheSpectacleofDisintegration(2013),Warkcriticallyre-evaluatesthewritingsoftheSituationistInternationalanditsvariousoff-shoots,questioninghowthepoliticalandaestheticideasthattheydevelopedinthelate1950sandthroughoutthe1960scanbemaderelevantandusefulforthecontemporarymomentanditsdistinctiveproblems.
Wark'snextbook,MolecularRed(2015),buildshistheoriesfortheAnthropocenethroughadialoguewithotherwriters,draggingtheirworkintoadifferentperspectiveanddiscourse:muchofhisargumentationreliesonreadingsoffictionbyAndreiPlatonovandKimStanleyRobinson,therebyeffectinganepistemologicaltranslationofideasfromfictiontopoliticallyinflectedcriticaltheory.
Inaddition,MolecularRedrevisitscriticalthinkingbytheBolshevikthinkerAlexanderBogdanovandDonnaHaraway'sfeministsciencestudies.
Warkthereforecombinesfictionwiththeory,sciencewithhumanitiesinaseriesoftranslationsthataimtodevelopapossibilityfornewthinkingandnewaction.
DrawingonLefevere's(1992)positioningoftranslationinrelationtootherformsofrewriting,Iwillarguethatthesebooksemploytranslationinboththeliteralsense(oftextsfromonelanguagetoanother)andawidersenseasideasandconceptsarereappliedinnewcontextsthatcanhelpshapecontemporarypoliticalandcriticaldebate.
ReferencesLefevere,A.
(1992)Translation,RewritingandtheManipulationofLiteraryFame,London:Routledge.
Wark,M.
(1994)VirtualGeography:LivingwithGlobalMediaEvents,Bloomington:IndianaUniversityPress.
Wark,M.
(2011)TheBeachBeneaththeStreet:TheEverydayLifeandGloriousTimeoftheSituationistInternational,London:Verso.
Wark,M.
(2013)TheSpectacleofDisintegration:SituationistPassagesOutoftheTwentiethCentury,London:Verso.
Wark,M.
(2015)MolecularRed:TheoryfortheAnthropocene,LondonVerso.
JonathanEvansisSeniorLecturerinTranslationStudiesattheUniversityofPortsmouth.
HeisauthorofTheManyVoicesofLydiaDavis(EUP,2016)andco-editorofTheRoutledgeHandbookofTranslationandPolitics(forthcoming2018).
HehaspublishedarticlesinjournalssuchasJournalofAdaptationinFilmandPerformance,TranslationStudies,JournalofSpecialisedTranslation,TranslationandLiterature,andTTR.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts66FruelaFernándezNewcastleUniversity,UKTRANSLATION,OPPOSITION,ANDAPPROPRIATIONINPOST-2011SPANISHPOLITICSThispaperwillfocusonthepoliticalusesoftranslationinSpainafterthemassprotestsof2011–popularlyknownastheindignadosor15M(Delclós2015)–bycontextualisingandanalysingthemultiplewaysinwhichaseriesoftranslatedauthors(suchasAntonioGramsci,OwenJonesorSlavojiek,amongothers)havebeenused,appropriated,andreinterpretedbydifferentpoliticalactorswithintheSpanishLeft.
SincethestartoftheeconomicandsocialcrisisinSpain,translationhasbecomepartofawiderprocessofoppositionagainsttheso-calledCulturadelaTransición("CultureofTransition";Martínez2012),theculturalandsocialstatusquoestablishedinSpainduringtheperiodof'TransitiontoDemocracy'(1975-1982)thatfollowedtheFrancoistdictatorship.
ThisprocessofoppositiontotheCThasinvolvedareappraisalofSpanishculturewiththeaimofestablishingalesshierarchical,morepoliticized,andtransformativeculture(MorenoCaballud2015:178-231).
Oneoftheexpressionsofthisreappraisalhasbeentherenewedvisibilityofpolitically-committedpublishers(suchasAkal,CapitánSwing,LenguadeTrapo,orTraficantesdeSueos,amongothers),whichhavereactivatedapublishingmodelthatenjoyedashort-livedprominenceintheyearsafterFrancoism.
Thesepublishershavereliedheavilyonthetranslationofpoliticaltexts,eitherthroughnewcommissionsorthroughreprintofout-of-stocktexts.
Byaddressinghowthesetranslatedtextsaremediatedbypoliticalactors,thispaperwillshowhowtranslationbecomesapoliticaltool,withtwopotentialeffects:ontheonehand,theexpansionofpoliticaldebatethroughtheadditionofnewreferences,paradigms,andsourcesofcounter-expertise;ontheotherhand,a"branding"(Bourdieu2002)orappropriationofthesetextsthatincreasespoliticalactors'socialcapital,whileenablingthemtofavourcertainreadingsofthepoliticalcontext.
ReferencesBourdieu,P.
(2002)'Lesconditionssocialesdelacirculationinternationaledesidées',Actesdelarechercheensciencessociales,145:3–8.
Delclós,C.
(2015)Hopeisapromise:FromtheIndignadostotheRiseofPodemosinSpain,London:ZedBooks.
Martínez,G.
(2012)'ElconceptoCT',inGuillemMartínez(ed.
)CTolaCulturadelaTransición:Críticaa35aosdeculturaespaola,Barcelona:Mondadori,13-23.
Moreno-Caballud,L.
(2015)CulturesofAnyone:StudiesonculturaldemocratizationintheSpanishneoliberalcrisis,Liverpool:LiverpoolUniversityPress.
FruelaFernándezisawriter,translator,andacademic,currentlybasedatNewcastleUniversity(UK).
Hisresearchfocusesmainlyonthepoliticalusesandeffectsofculturalproductsfromatransnationalperspective.
Hehaspublishedamonograph—Espaciosdedominación,espaciosderesistencia(PeterLang,2014)—andeditedtwocollectivevolumesonpopularmusic:TheSmiths:música,políticaydeseo(2014)andJoyDivision:placersytrastornos(forthcoming).
WithJonathanEvans,heiscurrentlyco-editingtheRoutledgeHandbookofTranslationandPolitics.
Asactivisttranslatorandinterpreter,hehasvolunteeredforactivistnetworkssuchasPlanC,ATTAC,andClimat21.
Amulti-awardedpoet,hehaspublishedthreebooksinSpanish—Unapazeuropea(2016),Folk(2013),andCírculos(2000)—andco-directedCosmopoética,aninternationalpoetryfestivalthatwontheReadingPromotionAwardoftheSpanishMinistryofCulturein2009.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts67SusanFitzmaurice,IonaC.
Hine&SethMehlUniversityofSheffield,UKCONCEPTUALCHANGE:SOMECHALLENGESOFMODELLINGTIMEWITHHISTORICALDATAOverthepasttwoyears,theLinguisticDNAteamhasbeendevelopingasetofcomputationalmethodsformappingmeaningandchange-in-meaninginEarlyModernEnglish,usingtranscriptionsfromEarlyEnglishBooksOnline(EEBO-TCP).
Inparticular,ourworkreliesonthehypothesisthatmeaningsarenotequivalentwithwords,andcanbeinvokedinmanydifferentways.
Forexample,whenEarlyModernwritersdiscussprocessesofdemocracy,thereisnoguaranteethattheywillalsoemployakeywordsuchasdemocracy.
Weadoptadata-drivenapproach,usingmeasuresoffrequencyandproximitytotrackassociationsbetweenwordsintextsovertime.
Strongpatternsofco-occurrencebetweenwordsallowustobuildgroupsofwordsthatcollectivelyrepresentemergentmeaningsincontext(textualandhistorical).
Wetermthiscollectiveadiscursiveconcept.
Thetaskofmodellingdiscursiveconceptsintextualdatahasbeenabsorbingandchallenging,boththeoreticallyandpractically.
Attheheartoftheprojectisthequestionofchangeinrelationtotime,promptingquestionssuchas:WhatarethemostappropriatewaysofmeasuringtimeinrelationtoconceptsForexample,insteadofmeasuringtimeinyearsordecades,canwemeasuretimeinrelationtotheappearanceordisappearanceofobservedconceptsHowdoesaconceptchangeovertimeForexample,aretherehistoricalmomentswhendemocraticprocessestendtobepresentedviathetermdemocracy(i.
e.
whentheconceptislexicalised),andothermomentswhentheyarepresenteddiscursivelyDoessuchlexicalisationfollowobservablepatternsCanweobservepatternsinthewaythatsuchconceptsappear,riseinprominence,declineinprominence,ordisappearovertimeInthispaper,weexploretheproblemsfordiscerning,analysingandinterpretingconceptualchangeintermsoftime,andweexploretheimplicationsforvisualisingconceptualchangeinearlymodernEnglish,inrelationtovariousmeasuresoftime.
SusanFitzmaurice(UniversityofSheffield)istheleaderofLinguisticDNAProject(@LinguisticDNA|linguisticdna.
org),acollaborativeresearchprojectsupportedbytheUKArtsandHumanitiesResearchCouncil(projectH/M00614X/1),involvingtheUniversitiesofSheffield,Glasgow,andSussex.
ProfessorFitzmauriceservesontheCouncilofthePhilologicalSociety,co-editstheJournalofHistoricalPragmatics,andisafoundingeditorialboardmemberoftheJournalofHistoricalSociolinguistics.
HerresearchcentresonthehistoryoftheEnglishlanguage,historicalpragmatics,andhistoricalsociolinguistics.
IonaC.
Hine(UniversityofSheffield)isaPostdoctoralResearchAssociateontheLinguisticDNAProject(@LinguisticDNA|linguisticdna.
org),acollaborativeresearchprojectsupportedbytheUKArtsandHumanitiesResearchCouncil(projectH/M00614X/1),involvingtheUniversitiesofSheffield,Glasgow,andSussex.
DrHinestudiesthecontextsofsemanticchange,havingcompletedaPhDinearlymodernBibletranslation(Sheffield,2014).
SethMehl(UniversityofSheffield)isaPostdoctoralResearchAssociateontheLinguisticDNAProject(@LinguisticDNA|linguisticdna.
org),acollaborativeresearchprojectsupportedbytheUKArtsandHumanitiesResearchCouncil(projectH/M00614X/1),involvingtheUniversitiesofSheffield,Glasgow,andSussex.
DrMehlcompletedaPhDinEnglish(UCL,2015),andhiscurrentworkfocusesoncorpussemanticsandcorpusmethodology.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts68AntjeFlüchterUniversittBielefeld,GermanyEVANGELISATIONASCULTURALTRANSLATION:THECASEOFEARLYMODERNJESUITSTheinterestonthepartofhistoricalandculturalstudiesinhybridortransculturalphenomenahasemergedinthelastdecadesasaconsequenceoftheculturalistandpostcolonialchallengingofstaticandessentializedsocialformations(nations,religions)(Juneja2013).
ButwhatdoestheprocessoftransculturalizationlooklikeHowcanweanalyzeitTranslationconceptsseemtoofferausefultoolkittoanswersuchquestions.
UsingtheexampleofearlymodernJesuitmissionaries,thispresentationwillchallengetheconceptofahomogenouspost-TridentineCatholicChurchand,onamethodologicallevel,discusstheusefulnessofarangeofconceptsproposedbytranslationscholars(includingVenuti,Lefevere,Lotman)inthestudyofsuchprocesses.
Evangelizationcanbeunderstoodasonelargeandmultilayeredprocessoftranslation(Hsia2007,FlüchterandWirbser2017).
Missionariestranslatedtextsintheliteralsense,butalsobeliefswhichwerematerializedinpracticesandnewsocialforms.
Thistranslationprocesswasnotjustasimpleprocessofspreadingastatic,unchangedandunchangingChristianity;instead,themissionarycontextcanbeconceptualisedasathirdspacewhereculturalandreligiousdifferenceswerenegotiatedanddifferentChristianitiesevolved(Armstrong2007,Ditchfield2010,Windler2013).
ThefocusofthispaperwillbeonthesacramentsofEucharistandmarriageandwhathappenedtotheircontentandtheirmeaningduringtheprocessoftranslatingthemindifferentworldregions.
Differentconceptualisationsoftranslationhelpustounderstandtheworkofthemissionaries,butarealsohelpfulasanalyticaltoolstoevaluatetheinteractionbetweenmissionaries,thepeopletheywantedtoevangelise,newlyChristianisedandalsopre-colonialactorsinthisspecificculturalcontactzone.
ReferencesArmstrong,M.
(2007)'TransatlanticCatholicism.
RethinkingthenatureofthecatholictraditionintheEarlyModernPeriod',HistoryCompass5:1942-66.
Ditchfield,S.
(2010)'DecenteringtheCatholicReformation:Papacyandpeoplesintheearlymodernworld',ArchivfürReformationsgeschichte101:186-208.
Flüchter,A.
andW.
Rouven(eds)(2017)TranslatingCatechisms,TranslatingCultures:Theexpansionofcatholicismintheearlymodernworld,Leiden:Brill.
Po-chiaHsia,R.
(2007)'TheCatholicMissionandTranslationinChina:1583-1700',inP.
BurkeandR.
Po-chiaHsia(eds)CulturalTranslationinEarlyModernEurope.
CambridgeUniversityPress:Cambridge,39-51.
Windler,C.
(2013)UneindeutigeZugehrigkeiten.
KatholischeMissionareunddieKurieimUmgangmitcommunicatioinsacris',inA.
PietschandB.
Stollberg-Rilinger(eds)KonfessionelleAmbiguitt.
UneindeutigkeitundVerstellungalsreligisePraxisinderFrühenNeuzeit,Gütersloh:GütersloherVerlagshaus:314-345.
AntjeFlüchterisFullProfessorinEarlyModernHistoryattheUniversityofBielefeld(Germany).
In2002sheearnedherdoctoratewithathesisentitledChurchPoliticsandEverydayLifeinJülichandBerginthe16thand17thcentury,UniversityofMünster.
Between2008-2012sheledaresearchgroupabouttransculturalstatehoodattheHeidelbergClusterofExcellencyAsiaandEuropeinaGlobalContextand,during2012-2015,sheledanotherprojectaboutJesuitmissionariesandtransculturalchristianitiesatthesameinstitution.
In2012sheearnedherhabilitationatHeidelbergUniversitywithabookentitledRepresentationsofIndianStatehoodintheGermanSpeakingDiscourse.
ProfFlüchterhaspublishedseveralworksandarticlesonearlymodernglobalhistory,thehistoryoftheconfessionalageintheHolyRomanEmpireandinIndia,thehistoryofknowledgeandgenderhistory.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts69RalfFutselaarNIOD/ErasmusUniversity,Rotterdam,Netherlands&MilanvanLangeNIOD/UtrechtUniversity,NetherlandsWHATISAJUSTPUNISHMENTTHEPUNISHMENTOFCOLLABORATORSINTHENETHERLANDS,1945-1975Whiletheconceptof'justice'isnear-universalacrosstimeandsocieties,themeaningsgiventothetermarehistoricallyandculturallyfluid.
Whatisconsidered'just'inonesocietymaybeprofoundlyunjustinanother.
Moreover,conceptualizationsofjusticecanchangedramaticallyevenwithinthespanofasinglegeneration.
Inordertostudythesechangesinunderstandingsofwhatconstitutesjustice,previousresearchhastendedtofocusontransformationsinpenallawand/orjurisprudence.
Whenfacedwithmoreshort-termchanges,however,suchmethodsarelimitedintermsoftheinsightstheycanprovide.
Therefore,thispresentationaimstodemonstratehowshort-termchangesmightinsteadbestudiedthroughtheanalysisofemotionalreactionswithinwidersocietytopunishmentsimposedthroughthejudicialsystem.
Specifically,wewilllookatemotionalreactionsintheDutchparliamentbetween1945and1975tocapitalandprisonsentencesforwarcriminalsandNazicollaborators.
WewillbeginbyaddressingthecomplexandchangeableviewsthatpostwarDutchsocietyheldonwhatconstituteda'just'punishmentforwartimecollaborators.
Next,wewilldiscusstheemotionalreactionsofmembersoftheDutchlowerandupperhousesofparliamenttothesentencingandeventualpardoningofthesepoliticaldelinquents,andexaminetheinterplaybetweenbroaderdevelopmentsinsocietyandMPs'reactions,asexpressedinparliamentarydebates.
Usingtheminutesofbothhousesofparliamentwewillselectdiscussionsaboutformercollaboratorsandwarcriminalsthatwereincustodyorhadrecentlybeenreleased.
Wewillestablishwhichemotionswerelikelytoflareupandunderwhichcircumstances,andthencomparetheseoutcomestodiscussionsaboutpenalreformfornon-war-relateddelinquents.
TheresultsofthisexercisewillenableustomapchangingconceptualizationsofjusticeinDutchsocietyduringthisshorthistoricalperiodandlinkthemtospecificpoliticaltraditionsandgroups.
Thisallowsforamuchmoremulti-facetedinterpretationofthesechangesthanispossiblethoughthestudyofpenallaworjurisprudencealone.
RalfFutselaar(1976)isaresearcherattheNIOD:InstituteforWar,HolocaustandGenocideStudies(NIOD)andalectureratErasmusUniversity,Rotterdam.
Hehasbeenstudyingthehistoryofpunishmentsince2015.
Hehaspreviouslypublishedonthehistoryofhunger,childmortality,infectiousdisease,wartraumas,crises,rationing,pricecontrols,povertyandcrime.
MilanvanLange(1992)iscurrentlyworkingasanassistantandPhDcandidateattheNIODandUtrechtUniversity.
Inhisresearchproject'WarandEmotions'heinvestigatesemotionalexpressionsinpoliticalandpublicdebatesrelatedtoWorldWarII.
Heisespeciallyinterestedintheuseoftextminingtechnologiesinanalysingdigitizedhistoricalsources.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts70BenjaminGeerUniversityofBasel,SwitzerlandTHECONSTRUCTIONOFNATIONALISTCONCEPTSINARABICThispaperaimstoidentifytheprincipalactorsinvolvedintheinitialconstructionofnationalistconceptsinArabic,theconceptualmaterialstheyused,andthesocialforcesthatshapedthisconstruction,focusingonevidencefromEgypt.
ScholarshavetendedeithertoassumethatnationalismhasalwaysexistedinArabicandtoanachronisticallyprojectitontoearliersources,ortoassumethatitwassimplyimportedfromEuropesometimeinthenineteenthcentury,becauseofoppositiontocolonialismoraspartofayearningtoimitateEuropeanmodernity.
Moreover,relevantscholarshiphasbeenhamperedbyrelianceonimprecise,preconstructednotionssuchascommunity,loyalty,andidentity,whichobscurethesocialinterestsatstakeintheproductionofnationalistconcepts.
Toclarifywhichconceptswereconstructedwhenandbywhom,Icomparerelevanttermsinsourcesfromtheninthcenturytothenineteenthcentury.
ThisanalysissuggeststhatArabicacquiredakeynationalistconceptinthe1830s,whentheArabictermwatan(birthplace,hometown)tookonadditionalmeaningsfromtheFrenchconceptofpatrie(country,homeland),whichwasgeographicallylargerandseenasapersonifiedobjectofduty.
Theconceptofdutytoone'scountrythenmadeitpossibletousewatantomotivateandlegitimizealimitlessvarietyofsocialpractices.
Importantly,itwasnotpresentedasyetanotherFrenchconceptneedingtobetranslatedintoArabic.
Instead,itwasblendedwiththeearlier,prestigiousmeaningsofwatan,givingtheimpressionthatithadalwaysbeenthere.
WatanthusbecameaspecificallyArabic'inventedtradition',andthisnodoubthelpedmakeitsnew,nationalistmeaningseemplausibletoawideaudience.
Itappearslikelythatoneindividualwithanunusualsocialtrajectory,theEgyptianteacher,schooladministrator,andtranslatorRifa'aal-Tahtawi(1801-73),wasmainlyorentirelyresponsibleforthisblend.
Tahtawi'ssubstantialwritingsonthisconceptdonotsupporttheviewthatitwasinitiallyassociatedwithanti-colonialstruggle,orwithindiscriminateimitationofEuropeans.
Instead,itseemsplausiblethatitenabledteachersofunorthodoxorstigmatizedknowledge,likeTahtawi,toacquireprestigeandauthority,andhelpedthemmotivateagenerationofstudentstoembracepreviouslyunknowncareerpaths.
Overtime,itmadepossibletheformationofanationalistfield,inwhichjournalists,novelists,andpoliticianswouldcompeteforrecognitionasauthoritiesonthenationalinterest.
BenjaminGeerisaResearchFellowintheDigitalHumanitiesLabattheUniversityofBasel.
Hisresearchhasfocusedonnationalism,intellectuals,andsocialmovementsinEgypt.
HehasservedasVisitingAssistantProfessorandAssociateDirectoroftheMiddleEastStudiesCenterattheAmericanUniversityinCairo,andhastaughtArabicattheUniversityofTübingen.
HedidhisPhDinMiddleEastStudiesattheSchoolofOrientalandAfricanStudies(SOAS),UniversityofLondon.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts71TingGuoUniversityofExeter,UK&JonathanEvansUniversityofPortsmouth,UKFANTRANSLATIONANDCHINESEUNDERGROUNDQUEERSCREENCULTURE:QAFANDTHEWEEKEND(2011)INCHINAAlthoughhomosexualitywasremovedfromthelistofmentaldisordersin2001byChina'sMinistryofHealth,LGBTpeoplecontinuetosufferfromdiscriminationandharassment,lackinglegalprotectionandaccesstohealthcareinChina.
Mediaportrayinghomosexualandtransgendertopicshasbeenstrictlycensoredorbannedbyauthorities,limitingpublicdiscussionofsexualandgenderidentityinChina.
However,insharpcontrasttothesanitizedChinesemainstreammedia,thereisanabundanceoftranslatedinternationalqueerfilmsavailableonline,whicharefreeforviewinganddownloadingbytheChinesepublic.
Throughexaminingthetranslationactivitiesofthewell-knownChineseLGBTsubgroup,QAF(QueerasFolk),andtheirtranslationofaBritishqueerfilmTheWeekend(2011),thispaperinvestigatestheroleoffantranslationinthewidercontextoftheChineseLGBTrightsmovement.
Itasks:WhatkindsofstrategieshavebeenemployedbyChinesefantranslatorsandactivisttranslatorsintranslatinginternationalqueerfilmsHowarethesefilmsusedtointerpretanddisseminatekeyLGBTrelatedconceptssuchasgender,sexualityandequalityHowdoestranslatedinternationalqueercinemapromotediscussiononLGBTrightsamongthepublicandshapethedevelopmentofChineseLGBTcommunitiesItarguesthattheundergroundChinesetranslationofinternationalqueerfilmsnotonlyprovidesnewvocabularyandtermsforLGBT-rightsactiviststoeducate,agitateandinspiretheChinesepublic,butalsostimulatesthedevelopmentofaqueerscreencultureandencouragesdialoguesamongLGBTcommunities,themainstreammediaandthepublicinChina.
TheselinksandconnectionsfoundbetweenonlinetranslationcommunitiesandLGBTmovementinChinaalsorevealthefluiditybetweenfantranslationandactivisttranslationaswellastheroleoftranslatorsindefiningandshapingthenetworkofknowledgetransferandknowledgesharing.
TingGuoisLecturerintheDepartmentofModernLanguages,UniversityofExeter.
SheistheauthorofSurvivingViolentConflicts:ChineseInterpretersintheSecond-SinoJapaneseWar(1931-45)(2016).
ShehaspublishedinjournalssuchasLiteratureCompass,TranslationStudiesandTranslationQuarterly.
JonathanEvansisSeniorLecturerinTranslationStudiesattheUniversityofPortsmouth.
HeisauthorofTheManyVoicesofLydiaDavis(EUP,2016)andco-editorofTheRoutledgeHandbookofTranslationandPolitics(forthcoming2018).
HehaspublishedarticlesinjournalssuchasJournalofAdaptationinFilmandPerformance,TranslationStudies,JournalofSpecialisedTranslation,TranslationandLiterature,andTTR.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts72SamehHannaUniversityofLeeds,UKNEGOTIATINGCHRISTIAN'SACREDNESS'INTHELANGUAGEOFTHEQURAN:TWOTRANSLATIONSOFTHEGOSPELSINARABICClassicalArabic(fusha)hastraditionallybeenimbuedwith'symboliccapital'thatguaranteeditsusersahighersocio-culturalstatusthanthosewhodonotmasterit.
AlthoughthishasbeenthecaseinthePre-Islamicera,thesymboliccapitalattachedtoArabicaftertheadventofIslamhasbeenaugmentedonnewgrounds.
ThehighstatusofclassicalArabicasthemediumofAllah'srevelationishighlightedinboththeQur'anandtheHadith.
Godchallengesnon-Muslimsto"produceonechapteroftheQuran"(Quran2:23)iftheycan,assertingthatonekeyevidenceforthetruthfulnessofIslamisthelinguisticinimitabilityoftheQuran.
Thisandotherverses"putArabicinafavouredpositionasthecommunicativemediumforexpressingGod'suniversaltruths"(Suleiman2003:43).
Theconstructionof'Islamicsacredness'throughclassicalArabichasalwaysposedachallengefortranslatorsoftheQur'anintootherlanguagesandfortranslatorsoftheBibleintoArabic.
InthecaseofArabictranslationsoftheBible,especiallytheGospels,thekeyquestionthatunderpinnedtheseprojectsis:howcananon-Islamic'sacredness',withanarguablydifferenttheologicalworld-view,bechannelledthroughclassicalArabicWhileafewtranslators,mainlyBritishmissionaries,triedtobypassthequestion,optinginsteadfortranslationincolloquialArabic,mosttranslatorsoftheGospelshaveattemptedto'inscribe'theirChristiansacrednessontoclassicalArabic.
ThisinvolvednegotiatingsomeofthelinguisticqualitiesofArabicasusedintheQuran,bothinitsrecitationanditsprintedversion.
UsingtwocasesoftheArabictranslationoftheGospels,thispaperexploresthestrategiesusedbytranslatorsincommunicatingChristiansacrednessthroughthelanguageoftheQur'an.
Al-Subawi'sAl-AnajilAl-Musajja'a(TheRhymingGospels),producedaround1300,andthemorerecentAl-Ma'naAl-Sahihli-InjilAl-Masih(TheTrueMeaningoftheGospelofChrist,2007)demonstratethedifferentdynamicsusedbyArabtranslatorsoftheGospelstomaintainthe'ontological'statusofclassicalArabicasthe'languageofheaven'andsubvert,atthesametime,itsconventional'epistemological'functionastheexclusivecommunicativemediumofIslamictheology.
Throughengagingwiththe'aural'aspectsofQur'anicArabic(inAl-Subawi'sversion)andthe'ocular'aspectsoftheprintedQur'an(asinAl-Ma'naAl-Sahih),bothtranslationsdemonstratethecomplexprocessesofknowledgeconstructionacrosslinguisticandreligiousboundaries–theseprocessesareoftenparadoxicalinnature,involvingbothinscriptionanderasureofdifference,mimickingaswellashighlightingdistinction.
ReferencesGatlawi,A.
etal.
(2007)Al-Ma'naal-Sahihli-InjilAl-Masih.
Al-Mansuriyya/Al-Matn:Kitabunalil-Nashr.
Al-Subawi,A.
(1300/2007)Anajila'AbdYasu'al-Subawial-Musajja'a,Beirut:CentreforArabChristianHeritage.
Suleiman,Yasir(2003)TheArabicLanguageandIdentity:AStudyinIdeology,Edinburgh:EdinburghUniversityPress.
SamehHannaisaLecturerinArabicLiteratureandTranslationandcurrentlythedirectorofArabic,IslamicandMiddleEasternStudiesatUniversityofLeeds.
AftercompletinghisPhDontheArabictranslationsofShakespeare'stragedies,hejoinedUniversityCollegeLondonasanAndrewMellonFellowwherehefurtherdevelopedhisresearchintoBourdieu'ssociologyofculturalproductionanditsimplicationsfortranslation.
Hisbook,BourdieuinTranslationStudies:TheSocio-culturalDynamicsofShakespeareTranslationinEgypt,waspublishedin2016.
Hisresearchexpertiseisintheintersectionofanumberofdiversefields,includingArabicliterature,translationstudies,theatrestudies,religiousstudiesandthesociologyofGenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts73culture.
Hiscurrentresearchinterestisinthesocio-culturalhistoriesoftheArabictranslations/adaptations/rewritingsofsuchcanonicaltextsasShakespeare'sworkandtheBible.
DrHannaisafoundingmemberoftheInternationalAssociationforTranslationandInterculturalStudies.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts74PaulineHenry-TierneyUniversityofNewcastle,UKTRANSLATINGIN'BADFAITH'ARTICULATIONSOFBEAUVOIR'S'MAUVAISEFOI'INENGLISHSimonedeBeauvoir'sLeDeuxièmeSexe(1949)isafundamentalsourceofphilosophicalfeministknowledge,providingconcreteevidenceofwomen'ssocietaloppressionanddelineatingtheconstructednatureofgenderthroughanexistential,phenomenologicallens.
Itstranslationintomorethanfortylanguagestodatehascontributedtoshapingknowledgeindiscoursesongenderandsexuality,andthecentralityofBeauvoir'stextistestamenttoitscontinuedrelevanceforfeministthoughtandactivisminamultitudeofglobalcontexts.
However,boththefirstEnglishtranslation,TheSecondSex,appearingin1953,anditssubsequentretranslationin2009,havebeenmetwithcriticisminrelationtohowBeauvoir'sphilosophicalargumentationhasbeenmisrepresented(Simons1983,Moi2010).
Whilestudiesfocusontheoriginaltranslationorretranslationinisolation,inthispaperIadoptadiachronicperspectivebylookingcomparativelyatbothEnglishtranslationsinrelationtoBeauvoir'sFrenchsourcetexttoexaminehowherexpositionoftheconcept,'mauvaisefoi',hasbeentranslated.
'Mauvaisefoi',orinEnglish,'badfaith',isanexistentialisttermwhichcanbeunderstoodasthephenomenonoflyingtooneself,namely,denyingone'sinnatefreedom,thuslivinginauthentically.
InLeDeuxièmeSexe,Beauvoirarticulatesthespecificitiesofbadfaithasitrelatestowomen,whichsheconsiderstobecomplicatedfurtherbytheirfacticity.
Inthreechapters,entitled,'LaNarcissiste'(TheNarcissist),'L'Amoureuse'(TheWomaninLove)and'LaMystique'(TheMystic),Beauvoirprofilesthesethreearchetypestoprovideuswithexamplestounderstandthespecificityof'badfaith'asitisexperiencedbycertainwomenandtorecognizeitscontinuedpertinenceforwomen'slivestoday.
Forthisreason,theissueofhowherphilosophicalideashavebeenpresenteddifferentlyovertimeviatranslationisofcriticalimportance.
Byidentifyingspecificshiftsinthetranslationsofthesedescriptions,IconsidertheimpactthesetranslationdecisionsbearonthetransgenerationalreceptionofBeauvoir'stext,underliningthecrucialroletranslatorsplayininfluencingthedisseminationoffeministthought.
ReferencesBeauvoir,S.
de.
(1949)LeDeuxièmeSexe,Paris:Gallimard.
Beauvoir,S.
de.
(1953)TheSecondSex,trans.
H.
M.
Parshley.
NewYork:Knopf.
Beauvoir,S.
de.
(2009)TheSecondSex,trans.
C.
BordeandS.
Malovany-Chevallier.
London:VintageBooks.
Moi,T.
(2010)'TheAdulteressWife',LondonReviewofBooks32(3).
Availableonline:https://www.
lrb.
co.
uk/v32/n03/toril-moi/the-adulteress-wife(lastaccessed18/04/17).
Simons,M.
(1983)'TheSilencingofSimonedeBeauvoir:Guesswhat'smissingfromTheSecondSex',Women'sStudiesInternationalForum6(5):559-564.
PaulineHenry-TierneyisalecturerinFrenchandTranslationStudiesatNewcastleUniversity,UK.
ShewasawardedherdoctorateinFrenchStudiesfromtheUniversityofManchesterinDecember2015.
Herthesis,currentlybeingrevisedforpublicationasamonograph,isentitled,TransgressiveTextualities:TranslatingGender,SexualityandCorporealityinContemporaryFrenchandFrancophoneWomen'sWriting.
Researchinterestsincludepost-2000autofictionalwomen'swritinginFrench,feministtranslation,andtheoriesofgenderandsexuality.
RecentpublicationsincludeanarticleontranslatinggenderandsexualityinNellyArcan'stextsandabookchapterontranslationandsexualalterity.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts75TaniaP.
Hernández-HernándezElColegiodeMéxico–CátedrasCONACyT,MexicoREDEFININGIN-TRANSLATION:THETRANSLATIONANDINTRODUCTIONOFSOCIALSCIENCESDURINGTHEARGENTINEEXILEINMEXICO(1976-1983)Theconcept'in-translation'wasfirstusedbyValérieGanneandMarcMinon(1992)torefertotheimportationofforeignbooksintoaspecificnationalspaceviatranslation.
Sincethen,ithastravelledanditsmeaninghasexpandedtodescribeotheraspectsinfluencingtheinternationalexchangeoftexts.
Theseincludepowerstrugglesandstructuresofdomination(Casanova,2004),aswellasotherdimensions,suchasthelegalframeworksandthespaces,mostlybookfairs,wheresaidexchangesarenegotiated(Adamo,Aón&Wulichzer,2010).
Inthispaper,Icontendthatthereareotherelementsandforcesshapingthetrajectoriesoftranslatedbooksaswellastheirsymbolicandmaterialcomponents.
Hence,itisnecessarytorevisittheconceptofin-translation.
Adoptingasociologicalapproachtotheanalysisoftranslationinthepublishingindustry(Sapiro,2012)andofknowledgeproductionandcirculation(Keimetal.
,2016),IchartthetranslationandcirculationofsocialsciencetextsduringtheArgentineexileinMexico(1976-1983).
Istartbyreferringtothedifferentdefinitionsoftheconceptofin-translation.
Next,Ipresentanoverviewofthesocio-historicalcontextthatsurroundedthearrivalofscholars,intellectualsandjournalistsfromArgentinatotheMexicanacademic,culturalandpoliticalfields,focusingonthoseindividualswhowereinvolvedinthein-translationofsocialtextsastranslators,editors,revisors,oreditorialmanagers.
IthenturntothebookcollectionCuadernosdePasadoyPresente,whichwasrepublishedinMexicoasBibliotecadelPensamientoSocialista,toshedlightonthematerialandsymbolicchangesobservedinthecollectioninitstransitfromArgentinatoMexico.
Finally,Iwillattempttoredefinetheconceptofin-translation.
ReferencesAdamo,G.
,Aón,V.
&Wulichzer,L.
(2010)LaextraducciónenlaArgentina:Ventadederechosdeautorparalasotraslenguas:Unestadodelacuestión2002-2009,BuenosAires:MinisteriodeDesarrolloEconómico-Gobiernodelaciudad.
Casanova,P.
(2004)TheWorldRepublicofLetters,Cambridge:HarvardUniversityPress.
Ganne,V.
&Minon,M.
(1992)'Géographiesdelatraduction'inF.
Barret-Ducrocq(ed.
)Traduirel'Europe,Paris:Payot,55-95.
Keim,W.
,elic,E.
,Ersche,C.
&Whrer,V.
(eds)(2014)GlobalKnowledgeProductionintheSocialSciences:Madeincirculation,London:Routledge.
Sapiro,G.
(ed.
)(2012)Traduirelalittératureetlesscienceshumaines:Conditionsetobstacles,Paris:MinistèredelaCultureetdelaCommunication.
TaniaP.
Hernández-HernándezisalecturerinTranslationStudiesatElColegiodeMéxico,andaCátedras-CONACyTresearcher.
SheholdsaPhDinTranslationandInterculturalStudiesfromtheUniversityofManchester,UK,withathesisontheroleoftranslationintheinternationalisationofthepress.
Herresearchinterestslieinthefieldsofsociologyoftranslation,andtranslationandculturalproduction.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts76PhilippHofenederUniversityofGraz,AustriaTRANSLATIONASAMEANSOFCOMMUNICATIONWITHINAPOLITICALSOCIETYScholarsinTranslationStudies(andotherneighboringdisciplines)specializinginformercommunistcountrieshavetraditionallyfocusedonpoliticalcasestudies,oftenpresentingtranslatedtextsasexamplesofprevailingideologicalcurrents.
Inthiscontext,questionsofcensorshipandthemanipulationoftextsforideologicalreasonshavebecomeparticularlyprominent.
Alltoooften,translationscholarshavemisrepresentedtheSovietUnionandthewholeoftheSocialistCampasahomogenousbloc–thusoverlookingtherelativelylargenumberoftranslationscirculatingwithintheSovietUnionoritsformersatellitestates.
TheyhavealsofailedtounderstandthattranslationpolicieswithintheSovietUnionwerefarfromfixed:duringthe1945-1991period,translationpoliciesunderwentfundamentalchanges.
ThispresentationexaminesthetranslationfromRussianintoGermanoftextsbelongingtoaSoviet-specificscholarlygenresituatedhalfwaybetweenscientificpapersandsciencepopularizationarticles.
Inparticular,itfocusesontwodifferenttypesofpublicationswhereRussian-SovietscienceadvanceswerepresentedinGermantotheformerGermanDemocraticRepublicreaders.
Firstly,journalsthatpublishedGermantranslationsofpaperswritteninRussian(e.
g.
Sowjetwissenschaften:ZeitschriftderGesellschaftfürDeutsch-SowjetischeFreundschaft).
Secondly,periodicalspublishingarticlesonSovietsciencethatwerewritteninRussianandsubsequentlytranslatedintootherWesternEuropeanlanguages,includingGerman,EnglishandSpanish.
Acomprehensiveanalysisoftheemergenceandthetextuallayoutoftheseperiodicalswilldemonstratehowtheconceptsofdominanceandcensorship,astypicallyappliedbytranslationstudiesscholarsstudyingtheColdWarperiod,failtotakeintoaccountimportanttemporalandregionalfactors.
Unliketraditionallanguage-centredapproaches,thispaperwillalsoconsiderthevisualaspectsofthesetranslations,forbothperiodicalsdisplayedhigh-qualitycolouredillustrationsandasophisticatedlayout.
Itisarguedthattranslationsamongcommunistcountrieswerenotexclusivelydeterminedbyideologicalconstraints,butalsobyquestionsconcerningtheirpoliticalandculturalrelationships.
PhilippHofenederisapostdoctoralresearcherattheKarl-Franzens-UniversityinGraz/Austriaandcurrentlywriteshishabilitationabouttranslationculture(s)incommunistreignedcountries.
HespecializesinmultilingualandpluriethnicempiressuchastheHabsburgmonarchy,theRussiantsardomandtheSovietUnion.
RecentpublicationsincludeDiemehrsprachigeUkraine.
bersetzungspolitikinderSowjetunionvon1917bis1991(2013);'DerlangeSchattenimperialerHistoriografie.
Karamzins'GeschichtedesrussischenReiches'inbersetzungen',ZeitschriftfürOstmitteleuropa-Forschung65:4(2016);'DasbersetzungswesenimkommunistischenPolenzwischenDominanzundVielfalt(1944–91)',Babel62:2(2016);'SowjetischeTranslationskultur.
DasbersetzungswesenalseinInstrumentderHeterogenisierung',inSchippelandZwischenberger(eds)GoingEast:DiscoveringNewandAlternativeTraditionsinTranslationStudies(2017).
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts77ChristopherHollingsUniversityofOxford,UKAPRIVILEGEDPOSITIONTHEPLACEOFMATHEMATICSINCOLDWARSCIENTIFICEXCHANGEDuringtheyearsoftheColdWar,concernswereoftenraisedintheWestregardingtheapparenteasewithwhichSovietscientistswereabletoaccessWesternscientificdevelopments,incontrasttothedifficultiesoftenexperiencedintheoppositedirection.
Althoughphysicalaccesstopublishedmaterialswasoftenproblematic,thekeyissueherewaslanguage:thedominantWesternscientificlanguagesofFrench,GermanandEnglishusuallyposedlittleproblemforSovietreaders,whilstWesternershadconsiderablygreaterdifficultyinunderstandingRussian,orrelatedlanguagessuchasUkrainian.
ThelaunchofSputnikIin1957resultedinagreaterWestern(particularlyAmerican)senseofurgencyinengagingwiththeRussianlanguage.
EffortstoteachRussiantoscientistsmetwithonlylimitedsuccess,however,andsosystematicscientifictranslationsfromRussiangraduallybecametheprincipalmeansbywhichWesternscientistswereabletolearnaboutSovietresearch.
Opinionsastothevalueofsuchtranslationsvariedfromdisciplinetodiscipline,butoneareathatsawparticularlyextensivetranslationeffortswasmathematics.
TheseeffortsweredriveninlargepartbyahighregardintheWestforSovietmathematics,andmayalsoowetheirsuccesstothenatureofmathematicalRussian.
Perhapsmoresothaninmostotherdisciplines,readers'knowledgeofmathematicsmightenablethemtogleansomesmallamountofunderstanding,eveniftheyknownoRussian,sincethemathematicallanguageofthelatterderiveslargelyfromthesameGreekandLatinrootsoftheotherlanguagesmentioned.
Moreover,thesharedmathematicalheritageofRussiaandtheWest–muchofthebasisofmodernmathematicsinRussiawasderivedfromWesternEuropeansources–meantthatacommonsymbolismwasinuse.
Thispresentationarguesthat,forthesereasons,mathematicsenjoyedaprivilegedpositioninthecommunicationofscientificideasacrossColdWarlanguagebarriers,whichmayhaveservedtoemphasizethevalueofscientifictranslationsmoregenerally.
Italsoargues,however,thatthesubsequentextensiveuseoftranslationsofRussianmathematicalmaterialshadasignificanteffectonthelanguageskillsofmathematiciansinbothEastandWest.
ChristopherHollingsisDepartmentalLecturerinMathematicsanditsHistoryattheOxfordMathematicalInstitute,andaSeniorResearchFellowofTheQueen'sCollege,Oxford.
HeobtainedaPhDinMathematicsfromtheUniversityofYorkin2007,andhassubsequentlyworkedbothinmathematicsandinitshistory.
Hisresearchfocusesinparticularonthedevelopmentofabstractalgebraduringthenineteenthandtwentiethcenturies;hisbookMathematicsacrosstheIronCurtain:AHistoryoftheAlgebraicTheoryofSemigroups(AmericanMathematicalSociety2014)detailstheemergenceofonebranchofmodernalgebra.
Otherinterestsincludethecommunications(orlackthereof)betweenmathematiciansonoppositesidesoftheIronCurtainduringtheColdWar(surveyedinhisbookScientificCommunicationacrosstheIronCurtain,Springer2016),andthetranslationofmathematicsacrosslanguagebarriers.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts78PimHuijnen&JaapVerheulUtrechtUniversity,NetherlandsUSINGWORDEMBEDDINGSTOSTUDYCONCEPTUALCHANGEINHISTORICALNEWSPAPERSDistributionalsemanticsisafieldofstudyincreasinglyusedtoanalyselarge(historical)textcorpora.
So-calledwordembeddings,inparticular,aregaininggroundasatechniquetostudysemanticshiftsintexts.
Underlyingwordembeddingsarevectorrepresentationsofcorpora,inwhicheachword,dependentonitsrelationtootherwordsinthecorpus,isrepresentedasamulti-dimensionalvector.
Thevectorspacethatisthuscreatedenablesinnovativeapproachestocorpuslinguistics.
Similarvectors,forexample,denotesemanticallysimilarwords.
Wehaveusedthisfeatureofvectorspacestobuildsemanticnetworksofwordsascomputationalmodelsofthesemanticfieldsthathumanitiesscholarsarefamiliarwith.
Basedonthepopularwordembeddingimplementationword2vec,wehavecreatedsetsofchronologicallyarrangedmodelstotraceconceptsthroughtimewithoutdependingonparticularkeywords(Kenteretal.
2014).
Thispresentationwillshowhowthistechniquecanaddtoexistingtraditionsinconceptualhistorybyprovidingdata-driveninsightsintosemanticchange.
Drawingonamassivecorpusofhistoricalnewspapers,theimplementationofwordembeddingmodelsrevealssemanticshiftsinpublicdiscourse,asillustratedbyanumberofcasestudies:theimpactandshiftingmeaningoftheAmericanbusinessidiomintheDutchpublicsphere,thepoliticizationofconceptsduringtheColdWarera,orthepracticesofeuphemizationindepictionsofthe'Other'.
Thepresentationwillalsoaddresssomeimportantchallengesthatcomewiththeuseofwordembeddingstorepresentconceptsandconceptualchangeforthestudyofhistory.
Theuseofcomputationaltechniqueslikeword2vecinvolvesarangeofpracticalandtechnicaldecisions.
HowdowelegitimizethesechoicesintermsofconceptualtheoryMoreimportantly,howcanchangesinvocabulariesdetectedinhistoricizedword2vecmodelsbeusedtodetermineconceptshiftAnotherproblemrelatestothedependencyondata.
Dotheresultsofwordembeddingtechniquesprovideinsightsintorealconceptualchange,ordotheymerelyreflectarbitrarybiasesintheunderlyingdataThesechallengesillustratetheneedforcriticalreflectionnowthatadvancedcomputationaltoolsareadoptedinhistoricalscholarship.
Basedonconcreteexamples,wewillshowhowwedealtwiththesechallengesinourresearch.
ReferenceKenter,T.
,M.
Wevers,P.
HuijnenandM.
deRijke(2015)'AdHocMonitoringofVocabularyShiftsoverTime',Proceedingsofthe24thACMInternationalConferenceonInformationandKnowledgeManagement,NewYork:ACM,1191-1200.
PimHuijnenisAssistantProfessorforCulturalHistoryatUtrechtUniversity.
HedidaPhDinthehistoryofscienceattheUniversityofAmsterdamonconceptualizationsofvitaminsinprewarNetherlands(2011).
HehasbeeninvolvedasapostdoctoralresearcherindifferentdigitalhumanitiesprojectsatUtrechtUniversity,includingTranslantis:DigitalHumanitiesApproachestoReferenceCultures.
TheUnitedStatesinDutchPublicDiscourse,1890-1990.
Hisinterestsandexpertiseareindigitalconceptualhistoryandthemethodologicalimplicationsofdigitizationforhistoricalscholarship.
JaapVerheulisAssociateProfessorforCulturalHistoryatUtrechtUniversity.
Heistheinitiatorandcoordinatorofmultipledigitalhumanitiesprojects,includingtheNWO-fundedTranslantis:DigitalHumanitiesApproachestoReferenceCultures.
TheUnitedStatesinDutchPublicDiscourse,1890-1990;theHERA-fundedAsymmetricalEncounters:FindingReferenceCulturesinEurope,1850-1990;andtheDiggingintoDataprojectOceanicExchanges:TracingGlobalInformationNetworksinHistoricalNewspaperRepositories,1840-1914.
HisinterestsandexpertiseareinAmericanperceptionsofEuropeandindigitalconceptualhistory.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts79ShahrzadIrannejadJohannesGutenbergUniversity,Mainz,GermanyTRANSLATION,TRANSMISSION,TRANSFORMATION:DIACHRONICDEVELOPMENTOFBRAINANATOMYINGRECO–ARABICMEDICINEItiswellknownthatthe'AbbasidTranslationMovementtransformedArabicintothelinguafrancaofscientificdiscourseinthemedievalIslamicworld.
ThepresentstudyshallexaminehowtranslationwasimportantfortheintroductionofanatomicalterminologyintothemedievalIslamicscienceanditsconsolidation.
Inthisregard,theterminologyoftheanatomyofthebrainandhowthisterminology,aswellasthebodyofknowledgeaboutbrainanatomy,developedillustratebroadertrendsintheroleoftranslatedknowledgeofanatomyanditsdialoguewithneighbouringbranchesofscienceintheevolutionofscientificdiscourseinArabic.
IshowhowtheterminologyandknowledgeofbrainanatomyintheArabictraditionwastheoutcomeofthetransformationofinheritedGreekscientificmodelsthroughaprocessoftranslation,summarizationanddialoguewithcontemporaneousphysiologicalandpsychologicaltheories.
WhileIdrawonanumberofGreekandArabictextscomposedbetweenthesecondtotheeleventhcenturies,IshallfocusmainlyontheterminologyofbrainanatomyinBookThreeofAvicenna'shighlyinfluentialmedicalencyclopaediatheCanonofMedicine.
Avicenna'sbrainanatomyinthethirdbookoftheCanonisacarefullycraftedsummaryofHunyan/Hubay'stranslationsofGalen'sAnatomicalProceduresandOntheUsefulnessofthePartsoftheBody.
IshallfirstexaminetheunderlyingmechanicsthatguidedhowAvicennasummarizedtheArabictranslationsofGalen'sanatomicaltreatises.
AftercomparingtheterminologyofbrainanatomyinthetwoGalenictextsintheoriginalGreekandtheArabictranslation,IshallexaminehowbrainanatomywastreatedinworkswritteninArabicpriortoAvicennainordertoseehowAvicenna'sbrainanatomyisasynthesisoftranslatedandoriginalArabicsources.
IconcludethattranslationshapedanatomicalterminologyregardingthebrainintheArabictraditioninsuchawaythattheterminologyisgenerallyloyaltotheGalenictradition.
Ontheotherhand,IarguethatthescientificknowledgeofbrainanatomyinworkssuchasAvicenna'sCanonistheresultofanorganicsynthesisofAristotelianphilosophy,Galenicanatomy,andpost-Galenicphysiologicaltheories.
ShahrzadIrannejadisaPhDcandidateattheinterdisciplinaryResearchTrainingGroup"EarlyConceptsofManandNature:Universal,Local,Borrowed",Mainz,Germany.
Inhercurrentthesisproject"LocalizationoftheAvicenneaninnersensesinaHippocraticbody",shetrackstheHellenisticrootsofthemedievaltheoryofInnerSensesintheframeworkofhumoralmedicineintheArabic-speakingworld.
Herresearchdealswithhowknowledgeistransformedasitisborrowedandtransferredbeyondlinguisticandideologicalborders.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts80HenryJonesUniversityofManchester,UKRENARRATINGTHUCYDIDES,DEMOCRACYANDCITIZENSHIP:TOWARDSACORPUS-BASEDANALYSISOFCLASSICALRETRANSLATIONSINNINETEENTH-CENTURYBRITAINWhiletheClassicalGreekwriterThucydidesisperhapsbestknownasthefounderofcriticalhistoriography,hisHistoryofthePeloponnesianWaralsoprovidesinsightintothestructuresandtensionsattheheartofancientAtheniandemocracy.
Asaresult,hisanalysishasnotonlylongservedasanexemplarymodelforthestudyandwritingofhistory,butithasadditionallybeenco-optedinpoliticaldebatestosupportawidevarietyofpositionsthroughoutthemodernera(Harloe&Morley2012:9-10).
Mostnotably,innineteenth-centuryBritain,aflurryofcommentariesandretranslationsoftheancienthistorian'stextappearedindirectresponsetothestirringofliberaldemocracythroughoutEurope,andtotheFrenchandAmericanRevolutionsinparticular(Turner1981:3).
EachoftheseattemptedtooffertheirownreadingsofThucydides'greatworkandhencetousehishistoricalauthoritytopromoteeitherpro-oranti-democraticideologies.
ProgressivecommentatorssuchasGeorgeGrote,forexample,sawintheHistoryameansofpropagatingradicalpoliticalideasandlegitimisingthepossibilityofdemocracyasaviablesystemofgovernment;moreconservativethinkers,ontheotherhand,believedThucydideshighlightedthedangersof'mobrule'andtherisksitentailedforthecivilisedstateandthestabilityofitssocialorder(Lianeri2002).
ThispresentationreportsonresearchconductedaspartoftheGenealogiesofKnowledgeproject(www.
genealogiesofknowledge.
net/)withtheaimofdevelopingnewcorpus-basedmethodologiesfortheanalysisofThucydides'nineteenth-centuryretranslations.
Inspiredbyrecentdevelopmentsinretranslationtheory(Alvstad&Rosa2015)aswellassocio-narrativeapproachestotranslationstudies(Baker2014),Ibeginbyarguingthatthereiterationofasourcetextinthereceivingcultureisanactof'renarration'whichbothshapesandisshapedbythecountlesseverydaystoriesthroughwhichweconstructoursocialworlds.
Next,Ishowhowtheseideascaninformtheprocessofcorpusanalysisbypresentingacase-studyfocusedonRichardCrawley(1874)andBenjaminJowett's(1881)respectiveretranslationsofThucydides,andtheirrenarrationofthenatureofGreekcitizenshipspecifically.
Inthisway,Iseektodemonstratehowacombinationofcorpustoolsandsocio-narrativetheorymighthelpustobetterunderstandtheroleplayedbythesemediatorsinthedevelopmentofmodernpoliticalthought,aswellastointerrogatemoreeffectivelytherelationshipbetweencontextandtext,cultureandlanguageuse.
ReferencesAlvstad,C.
&A.
AssisRosa(2015)'Voiceinretranslation:Anoverviewandsometrends',Target,27(1):3-24.
Baker,M.
(2014)'TranslationasRe-narration'inJ.
House(ed.
)Translation:Amulti-disciplinaryapproach,Basingstoke:PalgraveMacmillan,158-177.
Harloe,K.
&N.
Morley(2012)'Introduction:themodernreceptionofThucydides'inK.
Harloe&N.
Morley(eds)ThucydidesandtheModernWorld,Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress,1-24.
Lianeri,A.
(2002)'TranslationandtheEstablishmentofLiberalDemocracyinNineteenthCenturyEngland:Constructingthepoliticalasaninterpretativeact'inM.
Tymoczko&E.
Gentzler(eds)TranslationandPower,Amherst&Boston:UniversityofMassachusettsPress,1-24.
Turner,F.
M.
(1981)TheGreekHeritageinVictorianBritain,NewHaven&London:YaleUniversityPress.
HenryJonesisaPost-DoctoralResearchAssociateattheUniversityofManchester'sCentreforTranslationandInterculturalStudies(UK).
HavingrecentlycompletedhisPhDresearchfocusingontranslationinthecontextofWikipedia,heisnowworkingaspartofamulti-disciplinaryteamontheAHRC-fundedGenealogiesofKnowledgeproject.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts81BryanJurishBerlin-BrandenburgAcademyofSciencesandHumanities,GermanyThomasWernekeCentreforContemporaryHistoryPotsdam,Germany&MaretNielnderGeorgEckertInstituteforInternationalTextbookResearch,GermanyDIACOLLOANDDIEGRENZBOTEN.
EXPLORINGDIACHRONICCOLLOCATIONSINAHISTORICALGERMANNEWSPAPERCORPUSThiscontributionpresentsanapplicationoftheopen-sourcesoftwaretoolDiaCollotoarecentlycuratedhistoricalGermannewspapercorpuspublishedoverthecourseofthe'longnineteenthcentury'.
DiaCollowasdevelopedattheBerlin-BrandenburgischeAkademiederWissenschaften(BBAW)inclosecooperationwithhistorianstofacilitatediscovery,analysis,andinteractivevisualizationofdiachronicchangewithrespecttocollocationbehaviorindigitaltextcorpora,andthushelptoprovideaclearerpictureofchangesinwordusage.
Thenational-liberalGerman-languageperiodicalDieGrenzboten('messengersfromtheborder(s)')–whichwaspublishedfrom1841to1922andcoveredawiderangeofsubjectsinpolitics,literature,andthearts–hasbeenrecentlyintegratedinintothedigitalcorpusinfrastructurehostedbytheBBAW.
Itscoverageofciviclife,opinions,anddebatessurroundingtherevolutionof1848,therestorationperiod,industrialization,theGermanEmpire(Kaiserreich),andtheFirstWorldWarmakesitavaluablesourceforabroadrangeofdisciplines.
Twouse-casesservetodemonstratetheutilityofDiaCollo,aswellasthecorpus'potentialforfurther(digital)historicalresearch.
TheseexamplesderivefromcurrentresearchbyhumanistsparticipatingintheongoingDiaCollodesignanddevelopmentcycle.
Bothexamplesdealwiththemannerinwhichreligiousaffiliationandtheinstitutionofthechurcharediscussedandutilizedinpoliticaldiscourseandnationalpolicyin19th-centuryGermany.
Lookingforandatdebatesonantisemitismandeducationinthecorpusdata,weprovideresearchperspectivesfromthefieldsof(historical)politicalscienceandculturalhistory.
First,weinvestigatethediscoursesofreligionintermsofantisemiticsentimentswithintheGrenzbotencorpus.
DiaColloprofilesarecomparedtoclosereadingobservationswhichsuggestthatDieGrenzbotentookupamorepro-JewishpositionduringthewidelyreceivedBerlinerAntisemitismusstreit('Berlinantisemitismdispute',1879-1881).
AsDieGrenzbotenwaswitnesstoseveralchangesandattemptedreformsofschoolsystemsinGerman-speakingterritoriesduringthecourseofitspublication,ourseconduse-casestartswithsimpleDiaCollosearcheson'education'.
Pursuingtheleadsthusdiscovered,welookatthedifferentviewsonthechurches'andthestates'claimsofauthorityregardingeducationthatemergeinthecorpus.
Inthisway,wedemonstratehowDiaCollocanenabledistantreadingandanalysisinformedbyaresearcher'shistoricalbackgroundknowledge,butalsoinspiresubsequentclosereadingtoenrichandpotentiallyreviseexistinginterpretations.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts82ReferencesJurish,B.
(2015)'DiaCollo:Onthetrailofdiachroniccollocations',inK.
DeSmedt(ed.
)CLARINAnnualConference2015(Wrocaw,Poland,October14–162015),28–31.
Availableonlineat:http://www.
clarin.
eu/sites/default/files/book%20of%20abstracts%202015.
pdf(lastaccessed28/06/17).
Jurish,B.
,A.
GeykenandT.
Werneke(2016)'DiaCollo:DiachronenKollokationenaufderSpur',inProceedingsDHd2016:Modellierung–Vernetzung–Visualisierung,172–175.
Availableonlineat:http://dhd2016.
de/boa.
pdf#page=172(lastaccessed28/06/17).
Jurish,B.
,C.
Thomas,andF.
Wiegand(2014)'QueryingtheDeutschesTextarchiv',inU.
Kruschwitz,F.
HopfgartnerandC.
Gurrin(eds)ProceedingsoftheWorkshopBeyondSingle-ShotTextQueries:BridgingtheGap(s)betweenResearchCommunities'(MindTheGap2014),Berlin,Germany,25–30.
Availableonlineat:http://ceur-ws.
org/Vol-1131/mindthegap14_7.
pdf(lastaccessed28/06/17).
Werner,F.
(1922)'DieGrenzboten:AusderGeschichteeinerachtzigjhrigenZeitschriftnationalerBedeutung',DieGrenzbotenJg.
81,448–452.
Availableonlineat:http://brema.
suub.
uni-bremen.
de/grenzboten/periodical/titleinfo/178709(lastaccessed28/06/17).
BryanJurishisaresearcherattheBerlin-BrandenburgAcademyofSciencesandHumanities.
HereceivedaB.
A.
inPhilosophyandCognitiveSciencefromNorthwesternUniversityin1996,wherehewasawardedtheDanielBonbrightScholarawardforexcellenceinthehumanities.
HissubsequentstudyofComputationalLinguisticsattheUniversittPotsdamledtoaDiplomin2002andaPhDin2011.
Hisresearchinterestsincludediachroniccomputationallinguistics,automatedspellingcorrectionforhistoricalandnon-standardtext,theoryandapplicationsofweightedfinitestateautomata,noise-tolerantstochasticmodelsfornaturallanguageprocessingtasks,andformallanguagemodelsofmusicalstructure.
ThomasWernekeisahistorianattheCentreforContemporaryHistoryPotsdam.
HeearnedhisPh.
D.
in2013inthefieldofhistoricalsemanticsbywritingaconceptualhistoryofhumanrightslanguageduringtheColdWar.
Since2014hehasbeencoordinatingaworkinggroupofhistorianswithintheCLARIN-Dinfrastructureproject.
Hisresearchinterestsincludemethodologicalapproachesinthelargerfieldofhistoricalsemantics.
HiscurrentresearchprojectisahistoryofnutritionregimesinGermanyduringthe20thcentury.
MaretNielnderstudiedculturalsciencesattheEuropean-UniversityViadrina(Frankfurt/Oder,Germany),conductingfurtherStudiesinOviedo(Spain)andpracticaltraininginSouthAfrica,Spain,andMexico.
AttheUniversityofHeidelberg,Nielnderworkedasaresearchassistantontheproject'TheDialogueofCulturesintheAndes'fortheTransculturalStudiesprogramme.
ShecompletedherdoctoralthesisontheroleoftheMercedarianorderintheemergenceofcolonialsocietyinCentralandSouthAmericainthefacultyofhistoryin2013.
In2014shejoinedtheGeorgEckertInstitute–Leibniz-InstituteforInternationalTextbookResearch(GEI)–asaresearchfellowinthedepartmentforDigitalInformationandResearchInfrastructures.
ShecoordinatesthefieldofDigitalHumanitiesattheGEIaswellastheCLARIN-Ddiscipline-specificworkinggrouponhistorythatisledbytheZZFPotsdamandtheGEI.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts83Ji-HaeKangAjouUniversity,RepublicofKoreaRETHINKINGKOREANTRANSLATIONOF'WESTERN'MEDICALKNOWLEDGEINTHELATE19THANDEARLY20THCENTURYThispresentationconsidersthewaysinwhichthetranslationofWesternmedicalknowledgeinfluencedtherelationshipbetweentheKoreanlanguageandthevariousotherlanguagesandécrituresthatconstitutedthecomplexlinguisticlandscapeinthelatenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturyKorea.
ThetransmissionofWesternmedicalknowledgeinKoreaisintricatelylinkedtotheriseoftheChristianmissionarymovement,theexpansionofJapanesecolonialgovernance,andchangesinlocalattitudesvis-á-visChinesecultureandWesternideas.
InKoreanacademia,thetransferofWesternmedicalknowledgeattheturnofthenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturieshasmostlybeenexploredintermsofthebinaryframeworkofmissionaryandcolonialmedicine(Cho2009,Jung2010,Park2010).
However,translationactivitiescarriedoutbymedicalmissionaryinstitutionsandJapanesecolonialhealthcareprovidersbothraisecomplexquestionsrelatedtochangesinperceptionsconcerninglanguageandscript,traditionalknowledge,andnationalistidentitythatcannotbeansweredfromadichotomousperspective.
Inthisstudy,IexploretwocasesofKoreantranslationofJitsuyoKaibogaku(実用解剖学,PracticalAnatomy),aJapaneseanatomytextbookwrittenin1887byTsukanuImada.
ThesourcetextwasrespectivelytranslatedbyPil–SoonKimin1906andByung-PilYuin1907.
KimwasaffiliatedwithChechungwn(,HouseofUniversalHelpfulness),Korea'smodernWesternhospitalandmedicalschooloperatedbyProtestantmissionaries.
Yu,ontheotherhand,wasaninstructoratTaehaniwnKyoyukpu(,GreatKoreanHospitalMedicalEducationDivision)wherethecoursesweremostlytaughtbyJapanesedoctors.
Drawingontheconceptsof'translationpolicy','digraphia'(DeFrancis1984)and'socialnetwork'(Milroy1987),thispresentationwillexaminetherelationshipbetweentranslation,scriptchoiceandgeopolitical-culturaldynamics.
Basedonananalysisoftwotranslations,newspaperandmagazinearticles,translator'snotes/prefacesandletterswrittenbyrelatedactors,thestudyarguesthattheorthographicalchoicesofthetranslatorsinthelatenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturyareassociatedwiththechanginglinguisticandgeopoliticallandscape;andthatthechosenmethodoftranslation,includingthechoiceofscript,madeasignificantcontributiontotheideologicalmeaningofatranslatedtext.
ThefindingssuggestthatamorenuancedunderstandingoftheroleoftranslationofmedicalknowledgeisneededinexploringtransitionsandtransformationsinmodernKoreanhistory.
ReferencesCho,H.
K.
(2009)'IlceyuyKongsikuylyowaKaysinkyoSenkyouylyokanHeykeymoniKyengcayngkwaKuSahoycekHyokwa[HegemonicCompetitionanditsSocialEffects:FocusingontheJapaneseColonialMedicineandProtestantMissionaryMedicine]',SahoywaYeksa[SocietyandHistory],82:123-165.
DeFrancis,J.
(1984)'Digraphia',Word,35(1):59-66.
Jung,J.
Y.
(2010)'SikminciUyhakkyoyukkwaHeykeymoniKyengcayng[MedicalEducationandHegemonyCompetitioninColonialKorea]',SahoywaYeksa[SocietyandHistory],85:197-237.
Milroy,L.
(1987)LanguageandSocialNetworks,2nded.
Oxford:Blackwell.
Park,Y.
(2010)'TheTrendandProspectofStudiesintheModernHistoryofMedicineinKorea',KoreanJournalofMedicalHistory,19(1):45-68.
Ji-HaeKangisProfessorofTranslationStudiesattheDepartmentofEnglishLanguageandLiteratureandDirectorofAjouCenterforTranslationandInterpretingStudies(ACTIS)atAjouUniversity,SouthKorea.
Herresearchfocusesontranslationandinterpretingininstitutionalsettings,issuesofpower,identityanddiscourseintransnationalexchanges,andtheinterplaybetweentranslationanddigitalculture.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts84KamranKarimullahUniversityofManchester,UKTRANSLATINGSYMPTOMS,SYMPTOMSOFTRANSLATION:MEDIEVALANDMODERNAPPROACHESTOTRANSLATINGHIPPOCRATICTEXTSInHippocraticmedicine,symptomsplayedanimportantroleinmedicalpracticeandtheory.
Hippocraticphysicianswereexpectednotonlytoobservesymptomsinthepatient,buttointerprettheminordertopredictthefuturetrajectoryofthepatient'sillness.
Itcomesasnosurprise,then,thatlearninghowtointerpretsymptomsfeaturesprominentlyintheHippocraticcorpus.
Itisasurprisingfact,however,thattheGreekwordsymptōmaisnotusedwithitstechnicalsenseintheHippocraticcorpus.
Yet,theEnglishwordsymptomappearshundredsoftimesintheEnglishtranslationsofHippocraticworksby,forexample,FrancisAdams(1796–1861)andWilliamJones(1876–1963).
Moreoftenthannot,inthecaseswheretheEnglishsymptomappears,JonesandAdamsareusingthewordtotranslatetheGreeksēmainōor"beingasign.
"Yet,AdamsandJonesarenotconsistent,oftengoingbackandforthbetweensignandsymptomintheirtranslations.
Ontheotherhand,unaynibnIsāq(d.
873),wholikeJonesandAdamsexplicatesinhisHippocratictranslations,usesavarietyofdifferentArabicwordstocorrespondtotheGreeksēmainō.
Inthispaper,IwillshowhowthesethreetranslatorsadoptdifferentmethodsforexplicatingtheHippocratictext,andwhatunderlyingassumptionsinfluencetheirchoiceofwordsfortranslatingtheGreekwordsēmainō.
IwillshowhowsymptommakesitswayintotheHippocraticcorpusinthetranslationsbyJonesandAdamsowingtotheirassumptionsaboutthedifferentmeaningsassignedtosignandsymptominmodernmedicaldiscourse.
Ontheotherhand,Iwillshowthatunayn'suseofexplicationisinfluencedbyGalen's(d.
ca.
216)interpretationofHippocratictextsaswellashisownunderstandingofthedifferencesbetweensignsasbodilyaffectionsversussignsasinterpretablesymbolsthatyieldknowledge.
KamranKarimullahjoinedtheUniversityofManchesterasalecturerinIslamicphilosophyandmedicinein2016andheiscurrentlyamemberoftheGenealogiesofKnowledgeresearchteam.
HehaspublishedinthefieldsofIslamicphilosophicalethics,philosophyoflogicandIslamicmedicine.
Atthemoment,heiswritingamonograph-lengthgenealogyofAvicenna's(d.
1037)logicaltheoryofifs.
InithehopestoshowhowAvicenna'spioneeringlogicaldoctrinesrelatingtoconditionalpropositionsdrawonGreek,ArabicandevenSyriacdebatesaboutandclassificationsoflogicalinference.
Inmedicaltranslationstudies,heisinterestedintracinghowpre-modernArabicmedicaltextsinfluencedthereception,conceptualisationandtranslationofEuropeanmedicaltextsinearlymodernmedicalschoolsandinstitutionsoflearningintheMiddleEast.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts85BoyaLiUniversityofOttawa,CanadaTRANSLATINGFEMINISMIN'SYSTEMS':THEREPRESENTATIONOFWOMEN'SSEXUALANDREPRODUCTIVEHEALTHANDRIGHTSINTHECHINESETRANSLATIONOFOURBODIES,OURSELVESUsingcomparativetextualanalysis,discourseanalysisandoralhistory,IexaminetheMandarinChinesetranslationoftheAmericanwomen'sself-careclassicOurBodies,Ourselves(OBOS)throughthelensofgenderandhealthpoliticsinChinainthe1990s.
ThetranslationofOBOSnotonlyenablesfeministmedicalknowledgetotravelacrossculturalborders,butalsobecomesaprocessofcollectiveknowledgemaking(Davis2007).
Translatedinto30languages,thebookhasactedasacatalystforfeministhealthmovementsworldwide.
Notably,thisprocessinvolvedasubstantialamountofrewriting.
ThefocusofthebookshiftedfromtheexperienceofAmericanwomentoproblemsfacingwomeninotherlocationstowhichthebooktravelled.
TheglobalprojectofOBOSempowerswomenindifferentlocationsbyfacilitatingtransnationaldialoguesandcollaborations.
TheMandarinChinesetranslationofOBOSwasproducedin1998.
Inthe1990s,Chinesehealthfeministsfacedmanychallenges.
Whilepracticesofgenderdiscriminationcontinuedtoaffectwomeninpost-revolutionaryChina,thedevelopmentofamarketeconomyinthe1990smadeChinesewomenmorevulnerabletosexualobjectificationandexploitation(Evans1997;Min2017).
HavinglearntaboutthehistoryofOBOS,ChinesehealthfeministstranslatedthebookinthehopethatitwillberesourcefulforChinesewomeninthetimeoftransition.
ThetranslatedpersonalnarrativesinOBOSofferawomen-centeredapproachtosexualhealthandreproductionissuesinChina.
However,certainunexpectedchangesaffecteditsproduction:thepublicationofthebookwaspostponedduetoauthorities'concernswithwomen'sself-organizationoutsidetheircontrol,andwhenthebookwaspublished,itwas'sanitized'—certainmaterialhasbeenremoved.
ThispaperproposestouncoverhowwelltheChinesetranslationpassedonthefeministtoneofOBOS.
ItsuggeststhatwhiletheChinesetranslationofOBOSchallengesthedominant,authoritativediscourseonwomen'shealthandreproductionthatdidnotsufficientlyaccommodatewomen'sneeds,thelocalsystemposesvariousconstraintsonitsproduction.
TheseconstraintsaffectitsabilitytocarryonthefeministmessageoftheoriginalversionofOBOSinadifferentsocial,culturalandpoliticalcontext.
ReferencesDavis,K.
(2007)TheMakingofOurBodies,Ourselves:HowFeminismTravelsacrossBorders,Durham:DukeUniversityPress.
Evans,H.
(1997)WomenandSexualityinChina:FemaleSexualityandGenderSince1949,NewYork:Continuum.
Min,D.
(2017)TranslationandTravelingTheory:FeministTheoryandPraxisinChina,LondonandNewYork:Routledge.
BoyaLiispursuingaMaster'sDegreeinFeministandGenderStudiesattheUniversityofOttawa,andherresearchprojectexaminesthetranslationanddisseminationofWesternfeministdiscourseinothersocialandlinguisticcontexts.
SheobtainedanHonoursBachelor'sDegreeinGender/Women'sStudiesattheUniversityofVictoriain2016.
Herresearchinterestsincludetheimpactofglobalizationonknowledgeproduction,feministtranslationtheoriesandpractices,genderandreproductionpoliticsinMainlandChina,andtranslationasasocialphenomenon.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts86DangLiJiaoTongBakerCentreforTranslationandInterculturalStudies,ShanghaiJiaoTongUniversity,ChinaINTRODUCINGTHEEASTTOTHEWESTTHROUGHACUPOFTEA:OKAKURAKAKUZ'STHEBOOKOFTEAANDITSTRANSLATIONSThispapersetsouttoinvestigatehowtheMeijiJapaneseartandculturalcriticKakuzōOkakura(1862-1913)usedtranslationasatooltopromoteEasternaestheticandphilosophicalideasamongWesternreaderswhenwritingTheBookofTea(1906);andhowtheseideaswereinterpretedandnegotiatedthroughprocessesof(re)translationwhenthebookwasrenderedintoChinese(2005,2010)almostahundredyearsafteritspublication.
OriginallywritteninEnglish,TheBookofTeaisapatchworkoftextsquotedandtranslatedfromancientJapaneseandChinesepoemsandphilosophicaltexts.
Inthesevenchaptersthatconstitutethevolume('TheCupofHumanity','TheSchoolsofTea','TaoismandZennism','TheTeaRoom','ArtAppreciation','Flowers',and'Tea-Masters'),OkakuraKakuzōdetailsallelementsoftheJapaneseteaceremony,andexplainshowitsrituals–influencedbyConfucian,TaoistandZenBuddhistideasandconcepts,suchastheConfucianidealofharmony,thenotionof'Tao',andLaotse'sideasaboutvacuumoremptiness–eventuallydevelopedintoa'religionofaestheticism'devotedtotheworshipofbeautyineverydaylife(OkakuraKakuzō1906).
ThebookcontainsmanyincompletequotationsfromclassicalChinesetexts,failstoacknowledgesomeofitssources,andtranslatesChinesephilosophicalideasandconceptsfreely,sothattheycanbeappreciatedfromaWesternaestheticperspective.
Focusingonthemisquotations,omissionsandadaptationsfeaturinginOkakuraKakuzō'stranslationofChinesephilosophicalideasandconcepts,thispresentationwillfirstexplorehowtheJapanesecriticinterpretedandshapedsuchideasandconceptsforanEnglish-speakingreadershipin1906.
ItwillthenexaminetheChinesetranslations(2005,2010)ofTheBookofTea,inordertorevealhowthoseideasandconceptshavebeen(re)interpretedand(re)shapedbytheChinesetranslators,andwhichtranslationstrategieshavebeenusedtomakethebookmoreappealingtomodernChinesereaders.
ReferencesOkakuraKakuzo(1906)TheBookofTea,NewYork:Putnam.
Availableonlineat:https://www.
tug.
org/texshowcase/partofTheBookofTea.
pdf(lastaccessed24/06/17).
DangLiisaPost-doctoralResearchFellowattheSchoolofForeignLanguages,ShanghaiJiaoTongUniversity,andamemberoftheBakerCentreforTranslationandInterculturalStudies.
SheholdsaPhDinTranslationandInterculturalStudiesfromtheUniversityofManchesterandanMAinAppliedTranslationStudiesfromtheUniversityofLeeds.
Herresearchinterestsliemainlyinaudiovisualtranslation,non-professionalsubtitling,andcorpus-basedtranslationstudies.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts87NannanLiuUniversityofMainz,GermanyTHEPOLITICSOFTRANSLATION–THEDISCOVERYOFWALTERBENJAMININCHINAWalterBenjaminwasdiscoveredbytheChineseknowledgeclassinthe1980s,andsincethenhismainworkshavebeenregularlytranslatedandretranslated.
Today,Benjamin'sworkshavenotonlybeenadoptedinalmostallareasofthesocialsciencesandhumanitiesinChina,hiscriticalideasonculturalmodernityintermsofbohème,flneurorAurahavealsoreachedabroaderreadershipbeyondtheivorytoweroftheknowledgeelite.
ThispresentationwillexaminetheintroductionofBenjamin'sworkinChinainthe1980s,withaviewtoilluminatingtheroleplayedbytranslatorsandothergatekeepersinChina'spost-revolutionarysocio-culturalconversions.
Translationalactswillbesituatedwithinanetworkofagents,textsandinstitutions,withafocusonthespecialrelationshipbetweentheChineseintelligentsiaandtranslationduringaperiodofsocialtransition.
Bauman's(1999)discussionofideologywillprovideaframeworkforidentifyingthedifferenttypesofrelationsthatexistbetweentheknowledgeclassandsociety.
IwillthenfocusontheimpactofthediscoveryofthefirsttranslationofBenjamin'sCharlesBaudelaire.
EinLyrikerimZeitalterdesHochkapitalismusinthe1980s,specificallythefiguresofthemodernbohèmeandflneurinBenjamin'swriting,andtheirinfluenceonshapingthecollectivesocialidentityofpost-MaoChineseintellectuals.
HereIwilldrawonaheuristicconceptoftranslationaldiscovery(Entdeckung),whichmeansfindingsomethinghithertounknown,hiddenorsought.
Discoverywillbeunderstoodprimarilyasanevent(Ereignis–Heidegger)andthereforesomethingperformative.
Byrevealingsomethingsofarunknown,theeventofdiscoveryexposesitsinherenttransformativeviolencethatsetsacaesuraandcausesacrackintheprevailingcontinuity.
Withrespecttothepracticalproblemsindeterminingwhodiscoveredsomethingandwhensomethingwasdiscovered,asshowninKuhn'sprofoundcritiqueofthenotion,IwillfollowDilekDizdar's(2014)suggestiontolookatthesceneofthediscovery.
Thesceneinthiscontextcanbeunderstoodasastage,ashowplace,wheretheactiveplayers,themutedplayersandthespectatorsinteractwitheachother.
Inthissense,discoveryconstitutesaspaceofpowerrelationsbetweenheterogeneouselements,thusprovidingaframeworkfortheinvestigationofthepoliticsoftranslation.
ReferencesBauman,Z.
(1999)InSearchofPolitics,Stanford:StanfordUniversityPress.
Dizdar,D.
(2014)'AufderSuchenachTrüffelschweinenoder:bersetzenalsEntdecken',inA.
Kelletat&A.
Tashinskiy(eds)bersetzeralsEntdecker.
IhrLebenundWerkalsGegenstandtranslationswissenschaftlicherundliteraturgeschichtlicherForschung,Berlin:Frank&Timme,31-50.
NannanLiustudiedGermanLanguage&LiteratureandHistoryofArtatPekingUniversity,andreceivedherpostgraduatedegreeinTranslationStudiesfromJohannesGutenbergUniversityofMainz,Germany.
SheiscurrentlypursuingadoctorateinthePhDprogramme'PolitikderTranslation'attheFTSKoftheUniversityofMainz.
Hermainresearchinterestsincludetranslationtheories,translationofphilosophyandpoliticsoftranslation.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts88SaturninoLuzUniversityofEdinburgh,UKONLINEANALYSISANDVISUALIZATIONOFMULTI-FACETEDTEXTUALCORPORACorpus-basedstudiesinvolvetheexplorationoftextualresourcestoidentifypatternsoflanguageuse.
ResearchprogrammessuchasGenealogiesofKnowledge,whichseektouncoverthesepatterns,requireusabletoolstosupporttextexplorationacrossmultifacetedtextdata.
Concordancingisstilloneofthemostwidelyusedformsoftextanalysisincorpuslinguistics.
Itssimplicityandinterpretabilityprobablyexplainitscontinuingpopularityamonglexicographers,translationscholarsandusersofcomputer-assistedmachinetranslationtools.
Thisbasicformofvisualisationemployedintheanalysisoftextualconcordanceshasremainedessentiallythesamesincethekeyword-in-contexttechniquewasintroduced,overfiftyyearsago.
However,thenatureofthetasksperformedbyusersofconcordancingtoolssuggeststhatthereisroomforimprovementthroughuseofmoderninteractivetechnologyandinformationvisualizationmethods.
Iwilldiscusssomeofthesetasksandpossibleimprovements.
Inparticular,Iwillpresentageneralisationofconcordancesasundirectedgraphswherekeywordscanbecharacterisedintermsofgrapheccentricityproperties.
IwillthenillustratethisproposalwithtwodistinctvisualrenderingswhichwearedevelopingintheGenealogiesofKnowledgeproject:aspace-filling(mosaic)displayandabi-directionalhierarchicaldisplay.
Thesedisplayscanbeusedinisolationorinconjunctionwithtraditionalkeyword-in-contextcomponentsinanoverview-plus-detailpattern,orassynchronisedviews.
FinallyIwilldiscussscenariosofusefortheseandothervisualizationtechniquesintextcomparisontasks.
SaturninoLuzisaChancellor'sFellowattheUniversityofEdinburgh,andaco-investigatorontheGenealogiesofKnowledgeproject.
Hisresearchinterestsincludemachinelearning,corpus-basednaturallanguageprocessing,andinterfacesforvisualizationoftextualandtemporalinformation,andapplicationsofthesemethodsintheareaofmedicalinformatics.
Hehaspublishedextensivelyintheseareas.
Dr.
LuzwasaprincipalinvestigatorintheCentreforNextGenerationLocalisation(CNGL,nowADAPTCentre),andhasservedontheprogrammecommitteesofseveralinternationalconferencesandontheeditorialboardofanumberofscientificjournals.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts89SofiaMalamatidouUniversityofBirmingham,UKFROMCENTRETOPERIPHERY:APPROPRIATIONOFANGLOPHONEPOPULARSCIENCEINGREECEThesurgeofinterestinscientificdevelopmentsinmodernsocietieshasledtoagrowingcirculationofpopularsciencepublicationsacrosslanguagesandcultures.
Andyet,saveforafewstudiesfocusingspecificallyontranslation(Kranich2011,Liao2011),littleresearchhasbeencarriedoutonthesetsofdiscursiveconventionsfavouredbyindividuallinguacultures.
Inparticular,thereisadearthofcontrastivescholarshipinvolvingpairsofsocietieslocatedinthecentreandtheperipheryofpopularscienceproduction.
Thispresentationdrawsonthepremisethatperipheralsocieties(e.
g.
Greece)appropriatepopularscienceknowledgefromtheircentralcounterparts(primarilyAnglophone);andthatthisappropriation,drivenbythepreferencesoftheperipheralsociety,involvesthetransformationofknowledgeandideaswithintheirnewenvironment(Gavrogluetal.
2008).
ThispresentationusesquantitativeevidencetoexaminehowGreektextsmay(not)appropriatespecificlinguisticfeaturesfromAnglophonepopularsciencetexts.
Apartfromexaminingwhethertheappropriationofknowledgeandideasacrosslanguagesandculturescanbetracedthroughanempiricalanalysisofspecificlinguisticfeatures,italsoexplorestheconditionsaffectingthisprocessdiachronically.
Drawingontwodiachronic(1990-2010)corporaofnon-translatedEnglishandGreekpopularsciencetexts,itanalysestheprevalenceofactiveandpassivevoicereportingconstructionsthroughwhichinformationispresentedtothepublic.
Passivesareconsideredtodemoteordeletetheagent,thuspromotingabstractconceptstosubjectstatus(Biber1986).
Indeed,theyhavebeenhistoricallyusedasapowerfultooltoreplacetheanthropocentrictheoryofknowledgewithapositivistphilosophy(Bennett2007).
Thispresentationwillarguethattheappropriationprocess,asrealisedthroughtheuseofactiveandpassivevoicereportingconstructions,wasparticularlystrongduringtheearly90s;andwasaffectedbyanumberofbothinternalandexternalsocioculturalfactors.
ReferencesBiber,D.
(1986)'SpokenandWrittenTextualDimensionsinEnglish:Resolvingthecontradictoryfindings',Language62(2):384–414.
Bennett,K.
(2007)'Epistemicide!
Thetaleofapredatorydiscourse',TheTranslator13(2):151-169.
Kranich,S.
(2011)'ToHedgeornottoHedge:TheuseofepistemicmodalexpressionsinpopularscienceinEnglishtexts,English–Germantranslations,andGermanoriginaltexts',Text&Talk31(1):77–99.
Liao,M.
(2011)'InteractionintheGenreofPopularScience',TheTranslator17(2):349-368.
Gavroglu,K.
,M.
Patiniotis,A.
Carneiro,M.
P.
Diogo,A.
Simes,F.
Papanelopoulou,J.
R.
BertomeuSánchez,A.
GarcíaBelmarandA.
Nieto-Galan(2008)'ScienceandTechnologyintheEuropeanPeriphery:Somehistoriograficalreflections',HistoryofScience46:1–23.
SofiaMalamatidouisaLecturerinTranslationStudiesattheUniversityofBirmingham,UK.
SheholdsadegreeinEnglishLanguagefromtheUniversityofAthensandanMAandPhDinTranslationandInterculturalStudiesfromtheUniversityofManchester.
Herresearchcombinescorpus-linguistics,translationstudies,andcontactlinguistics.
Shehaspublishedextensivelyonthetopicoftranslation-inducedlinguisticchangeinthetargetlanguageandhasalsoexaminedhowthegenreofpopularsciencehasdevelopedinGreecethroughtranslationsfromEnglish.
Herrecentmonographfocusesonthedevelopmentofanewmethodologicalframework,basedoncorpustriangulation,fortheinvestigationofarangeoftranslation-relatedphenomena.
Herresearchinterestsalsoincludecross-culturalpragmatics,especiallywithregardstotouristtexts,andthedevelopmentofamethodologyfortheinvestigationoflargeelectroniccollectionsofvisualmaterial.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts90AlisonE.
MartinUniversityofReading,UKKNOWLEDGE-MAKING,ANNOTATIONANDEXPERTISE:LEOPOLDVONBUCH'STRAVELSTHROUGHNORWAYANDLAPLANDIn1810theinfluentialGermangeologistLeopoldvonBuch(1774-1853)publishedanaccountofhisscientifictravelsthroughScandinavia,theReisedurchNorwegenundLappland(Buch1810).
Heraldedasagroundbreakingworkonthegeologyofthe"frigidzone",italsogaveearlynineteenth-centuryreaderskeyinsightsintotheinhabitantsoftheseinhospitable,"primitive"regions.
AnEnglishversionappearedthreeyearslaterastheTravelsthroughNorwayandLaplandduringtheYears1806,1807and1808(Buch1813),translatedbytheScottishjournalistJohnBlackandwithextensiveannotationsbyRobertJameson,ProfessorofNaturalHistoryattheUniversityofEdinburgh.
Theparatextualmaterialappendedwasnot,however,meantmerelytoaidcomprehension.
Black'sTranslator'sPrefaceunderstoodtheTravelsasawelcomeupdateoftwoBritishworks:MaryWollstonecraft'sLettersWrittenDuringaShortResidenceinSweden,NorwayandDenmark(1796)andThomasMalthus'seminalEssayonthePrincipleofPopulation(1803),whichuseddatacollectedduringhis1799Scandinavianvoyage.
Jameson'sfootnotesrepeatedlystressedhowthefindingsintheTravelsreinforcedhisownconclusionsaboutthegeologyofScotland,andexplicitlyalignedBuch'saccountwithNetpunisttheoriespropoundedbytheGermangeologistAbrahamWerner,ofwhomJamesonwasagreatdevotee.
Thispaperexploresboththepoliticsoflocalization(Olohan2014),whichenabledJamesontoallyBuch'sTravelswithBritishNeptunism,andthenarrativeperformanceofscientificexpertise(Ericssonetal.
2006)throughannotation,toprobemorefullythetensionsbetweentransnationalscientificknowledge-makingandnational,regionalandindividualagendasinnineteenth-centurytranslationpractice.
ReferencesBuch,L.
von(1810)ReisedurchNorwegenundLappland,Berlin:Nauck.
Buch,L.
von(1813)TravelsthroughNorwayandLaplandduringtheYears1806,1807and1808,trans.
JohnBlack,London:Colburn.
Ericsson,K.
A.
,N.
Charness,P.
J.
Feltovich&R.
R.
Hoffman(eds)(2006)TheCambridgeHandbookofExpertiseandExpertPerformance,Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress.
Olohan,M.
(2014)"HistoryofScienceandHistoryofTranslation:DisciplinaryCommensurability",TheTranslator20(1):9-25.
DrAlisonE.
MartinworksasaLecturerintheDepartmentofModernLanguagesandEuropeanStudiesattheUniversityofReading(UK).
Shehaspublishedwidelyonnineteenth-centuryscience,translationandknowledgeexchange,andhasco-editedtwojournalspecialissuesonwomenasfacilitatorsofscientificknowledgeexchangeintheVictorianperiod.
Hersecondmonograph(forthcoming,2018)exploresthetranslationandreceptionofAlexandervonHumboldt'swritinginnineteenth-centuryBritain.
SheiscurrentlyworkingonathirdmonographprojectwhichexploresthetransnationalreachofBritishmodernistwriters,notablyVitaSackville-West,intwentieth-andtwentyfirst-centuryEurope.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts91JuliaMartinsTheWarburgInstitute,UKFROMVENICETOEUROPE:TRANSLATINGMEDICALSECRETSINEARLYMODERNEUROPERecipecompilationswerepresentinEuropefromtheendofantiquityanduntilwellintothenineteenthcentury.
Inthesixteenthcentury,theystartedtobecalled'booksofsecrets',since'secret'wasunderstoodasasynonymfor'recipe',andtobepublishedinprint(Eamon1994).
Booksofsecretswerethereforeearlymodernprintedrecipebooks,whichcoexistedwiththemanuscripttraditionofrecipecompilations.
Theycontaineddifferentkindsofknowledgeorganizedaspracticalrecipes,manyofwhichweremedical.
Intheearlymodernperiod,andthankstotheirlargercirculationinprint,thesebooksreachedthepeakoftheirsuccess.
ThistrendstartedinItaly,withthepublicationinVeniceoftheDificiodiricettein1529.
Otherbooksofsecretsappearedinthe16thcenturyinItaly,suchasAlessioPiemontese's(1555)andIsabellaCortese's(1561)works,alsopublishedinVenice.
WritteninItalian,andtranslatedintoothervernacularsandintoLatin,thesebooksattainedanimportantcirculationinEurope.
TheyalsoinspiredothercompilationsofsecretspublishedincountrieswhereItalianbooksofsecretshadbecomepopular.
Theaimofthispaperistoanalysehowprintedbooksofsecrets,originallyItalian'bestsellers',becameaEuropeanphenomenonthroughthetranslationoftheseworksfromItalianintoFrench,German,EnglishandLatin.
Mygoalistodiscusstheeditorialsuccessofbooksofsecretsthroughthecomparisonoftranslationsfromthesixteenthandseventeenthcenturies,focusingonthemedicalrecipes.
Iwillalsoanalysetheroleplayedbydifferentagentsinthetranslationanddiffusionofbooksofsecrets,suchasthe'professorsofsecrets'(theauthorsofthesecompilations),theirtranslators,andprinters,whoformeda'network'ofknowledgeinearlymodernEurope.
Therefore,IwillcompareItalianmedicalrecipescontainedinbooksofsecretswiththeirtranslations,focusingonthestrategiestranslatorsusedtorendertherecipesunderstandabletonewreadersandthemethodsdevelopedbyprinterstoadaptthesebookstotheirnewreaderships.
ReferencesEamon,W.
(1994)ScienceandtheSecretsofNature,Princeton:PrincetonUniversityPress.
Piemontese,A.
(1555)ISecretidelreverendodonnoAlessioPiemontese,Venice.
Cortese,I.
(1561)ISecretidellasignoraIsabellaCortese,Venice.
JuliaMartinsisaPhDstudentattheWarburgInstituteinLondon,workingunderthesupervisionofGuidoGiglioniandJoanneAnderson.
ShedidherBAinHistoryinBrazil,andafterthat,shemovedtoEuropetopursueadoubleMAinFrenchandItalianhistoryattheUniversityofParisDiderotandtheUniversityofBologna.
HerdoctoralresearchfocusisearlymodernrecipesaboutfemalefertilityandreproductioncontainedinItalianbooksofsecretsandEnglishmidwiferymanuals.
Sheaimstodemonstratehowthesebookscirculatedintranslationsandre-editions,shapingearlymodernunderstandingsofthebody,andinfluencingcontemporarymedicalpractices.
Juliaarguesthatthedialoguebetweenthesetwogenres,booksofsecretsandmidwiferymanuals,cangiveusinterestinginsightintohowmedicalknowledgecirculatedintheearlymodernperiod,influencinggenderrolesandmedicalculture.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts92JamesMaxeyNidaSchoolofTranslationStudies,USATRANSLATINGTHEGREEKNEWTESTAMENT:SACRED-SOUNDINGEXPECTATIONSHistorically,theformsofGreekplayedanimportantroleintranslationsoftheGreekNewTestament(NT).
Overthelasthalf-century,however,translationsoftheGreekNThavefocusedlargelyonthedeterminationandfixationofmeaning,givinglessconsiderationtothelanguage'sform,especiallysound.
ThisbinarismhasbeenincreasinglyproblematizedindisciplinarydiscussionssurroundingthesoundofancientGreek,itscontributiontomeaning,anditsrhetoricaleffectuponaudiences.
Thisturntosoundisprimarilyfoundtodayinso-calledliturgicaltranslationsintendedtobereadaloudinChristiancommunities.
Insuchcontexts,meaning-basedtranslationshaveoftenbeenaccusedofsounding'toocolloquial'and'notsacredenough'.
TheenduringpopularityoftheKingJamesBible,forexample,hasmuchtodowithhowthesoundofthetranslationmatchestheexpectationsofthelistener:itsoundslikeBible.
Thesamecouldbesaidofcertaintranslationsinmanyotherregionsoftheworldaswell,fromtheReinaValerainLatinAmericatotheChineseUnionVersioninChina.
Suchsocially-constructedexpectationschallengetranslationstrategiesthatignoresound.
ThispresentationbeginsbyoutliningsomeofthehistoricaldevelopmentswhichhaveinfluencedtranslationsoftheGreekNT,drawingrelevantexamplesfromtheLatinVulgateandtheEnglishKingJamesBible,beforeturningitsfocustoacasestudywhichengagesashortcommunicationfromtheapostlePaultoPhilemonfromtheperspectiveofBiblicalPerformanceCriticism.
ThecentralargumentisthattheGreekNTisalreadyatranslationofanearlierperformativecommunication,theresultofanintersemiotictranslationfromperformancetowrittentext.
BiblicalPerformanceCriticismprovidesaframeworkforuncoveringtheperformativenatureandoralfeaturesstillevidentintheprintedtextwhich,overtime,havebecomeachallengeforwrittentranslations.
Thedrivingquestioninthispresentationis,howcanGreekwordandsoundplaysbetranslatedwhilemaintainingacompatiblerhetoricalfunctionthatmeetsthesacred-soundingexpectationsofaudiencesReferencesBandia,P.
(ed.
)(2017)OralityandTranslation,London:Routledge.
Hodgson,R.
andP.
Soukup(eds)(1997)FromOneMediumtoAnother,KansasCity:SheedandWard;NewYork:AmericanBibleSociety.
Maxey,J.
andE.
Wendland(eds)(2012)TranslatingScriptureforSoundandPerformance,Eugene,OR:CascadeBooks.
Rhoads,D.
(2006)'PerformanceCriticism:Anemergingmethodologyinsecondtestamentstudies',BiblicalTheologyBulletin36(3-4).
Wendland,E.
(2008)FindingandTranslatingtheOral-AuralElementsinWrittenLanguage,Lewiston:TheEdwinMellenPress.
JamesMaxeyisAssociateDeanandDirectorofTranslationServicesfortheNidaInstituteandDeanofFacultyfortheNidaSchoolofTranslationStudies.
HehasbeeninvolvedintranslationworkinAfricaformorethan25years.
Hisresearchinterestsincludeperformanceandtranslationaswellasculturalstudies.
Inadditiontonumerousjournalarticles,heistheauthorofFromOralitytoOrality:ANewParadigmforContextualTranslationoftheBible(Wipf&Stock2009)andco-editorofTranslatingScriptureforSoundandPerformance:NewDirectionsinBiblicalStudies(Wipf&Stock2012).
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts93JoseMurgatroydCreeUniversityofSheffield,UKTHEHISTORICCONCEPTOFADDICTION:USINGQUANTITATIVETEXTUALANALYSISTOTRACETHEMEANINGANDUSEOF'ADDICT'INEARLYMODERNENGLISHTheverb'toaddict'firstappearedinEnglishprintin1529,butdidnotacquireitsmodernmeaninguntilseveralhundredyearslater.
Instead,inearlymodernEnglanditwasroutinelyusedtodescribehabitualformsofbehaviour:earlymodernpeoplewereaddictedtostudy,hunting,orpoetry,ratherthantobaccooralcohol.
Existingscholarshiphasoftenbeenconcernedwithtracingtheoriginsofthemodernconcept,andthereisatendencytoignoreaspectsofaddictionwhichdonotfitaprogressivehistory.
Instead,myresearchattemptstoreconstructanentirelyearlymodernterm,bysituatingaddictionwhollywithinthelinguisticandsocialcontextofearlymodernEngland.
Inthispresentation,Ishowhowcorpusanalysistoolscanbeusedtorecoverthe'subjects'andthe'objects'ofaddiction–thepeoplewhowereaddicted,andthebehaviourstheywereaddictedto–usingthecollectionoftranscribedtextsknownasEarlyEnglishBooksOnline(orEEBO-TCP).
Ibrieflyexplorebroadpatternsandtrendsinthedata,beforeexaminingonecasestudyinmoredepth:therelationshipbetweenlocationandaddiction,andwhatthisrevealsaboutearlymodernculturalstereotypes.
Finally,IshowthattheresultsofthisquantitativeanalysiscanbestbeunderstoodwhensituatedwithinthebroaderhistoricalcontextofsixteenthandseventeenthcenturyEurope.
ReferencesJones,R.
F.
(1953)TheTriumphoftheEnglishLanguage,London:OxfordUniversityPress.
Knights,M.
(2010)'TowardsaSocialandCulturalHistoryofKeywordsandConceptsbytheEarlyModernResearchGroup',HistoryofPoliticalThought,XXXI:433.
Lemon,R.
(2016)'ScholarlyAddiction:DoctorFaustusandthedramaofdevotion',RenaissanceQuarterly,69:866-7.
Skinner,Q.
(1988)'LanguageandSocialChange',inJ.
Tully(ed.
)MeaningandContext:QuentinSkinnerandhiscritics,Princeton:PrincetonUniversityPress.
Tadmor,N.
(1996)'TheConceptoftheHousehold-FamilyinEighteenthCenturyEngland',Past&Present151:111-40.
JoseMurgatroydCreeisaPhDcandidateattheUniversityofSheffieldworkingonTheInventionofAddictioninEarlyModernEngland,supervisedbyPhilWithingtonattheUniversityofSheffieldandTaniaDemetriouattheUniversityofYork.
HerinterdisciplinaryprojectisfundedbytheWhiteRoseCollegeofArtsandHumanities(WRoCAH)aspartofanetworkonCulturesofConsumptioninEarlyModernEurope.
JosecompletedanMAinEarlyModernHistoryattheUniversityofSheffieldin2012,andaBAinHistoryatthesameinstitutionin2009.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts94JohndemarkUniversityofOslo,NorwayMISTRANSLATINGBODIES,CONSTRUCTINGCULTURES–TRANSLATIONBETWEENCULTURALANDONTOLOGICALTURNSTranslationstudiestookaculturalturnroughlyatthesametimethatculturalhistorystartedtoapplytranslationheuristically(Burke2007,Lefevere1999).
Recentturnsinanthropologyandculturaltheoryhave,however,denouncedtheconceptof'culture'anditsontologicalimplications.
Proponentsofthesocalled'ontologicalturn'andactornetworktheory(ANT)havequestionedtheconceptof'culture'andthewholeideaofrepresentation,oftenbyreferringtothephilosophicalcriticismofthescheme/contentdualism(Holbraad2010).
Moreover,theontologicalturnhasquestionedtheconceptualunderpinningsofso-calledculturalistapproaches,notleastthe'multiculturalist'assumptionthatthereexistsapluralityofcultureswithdivergentrepresentationsofthesamenaturalworldor'universal'naturedescribedbyWesternnaturalscience.
Indeed,theontologicalturnandANTrepresentavalidcritiqueofpracticesofculturaltranslationthat,forinstance,convertsliteralstatementsaboutthesupernaturalintosymbolicexpressionsofsocialandpsychologicalforces(causalfactorsthat'we'acceptasreal).
However,someoftheseapproachesalsoappeartopurifyculturalinvestigationsofthepastbyerasingthetracesofpriortranslations;andthe–oftencolonial–materialanddisciplinarynetworksthatmadethempossible,andwhichpost-colonialstudiesoftranslationhavebeendeeplyconcernedwith.
AtaletakenfromtheearlymodernSpanishchroniclerGonzaloFernándezdeOviedoisofteninvokedasanexamplebyscholarswhoaimtosubstitute'culture'with'ontology'.
WhileSpaniardsdebatedwhetherthenativeshadasoul,indigenouspeopleintheGreaterAntillesdrownedcaptivestoobservewhetherwhitebodiesputrefied.
Thus,Europeansinquiredwhetherothershadsouls,whileAmerindianswonderedwhetherSpaniardshadbodiesthatdecomposed.
ViveirosdeCastro(1999)andLatour(2004)havereadtheanecdoteasanexampleofanencounterbetweenWesternmulticulturalismandAmerindianmultinaturalism(theassumptionthatalllivingbeingssharethesameculture,butthattheirexternalnatures,theirbodies,differ).
ThroughanexaminationofhowthetaletakenfromOviedo–itselfalreadyatranslationofeventsthatpurportedlytookplaceinthecolonialcontactzone–isinscribedasanexemplarytaleof'radicaltranslation'inthetheoreticalliterature,thispresentationaimstomediatebetweenontologicalandculturalnotionsoftranslation.
HowdoesthetalefunctioninthenarrativelogicofthesourcetextHowisitinformedbytextualandconceptualgridsfromnaturalhistory(agenreconcernedasmuchwithnaturalbodiesaswithsouls)–andbyOviedo'suseofPlinyasamodelforhisscientificauthorityHowisittranslatedintoculturaltheoryandusedasanexampleofdeeprootedontologicaldifference,seemingly'beyond'translationReferencesBurke,P.
(2007)'CulturesofTranslationinEarlyModernEurope',inP.
BurkeandR.
Po-chiaHsia(eds)CulturalTranslationinEarlyModernEurope.
CambridgeUniversityPress:Cambridge,7-38.
Holbraad,M.
(2010)'AgainsttheMotion[OntologyisjustanotherWordforCulture]',CritiqueofAnthropology30(152):181-82.
Latour,B(2004)'WhoseCosmos,WhichCosmopolitics',CommonKnowledge10(3):450-453.
Lefevere,A.
(1999)'ComposingtheOther',inS.
BasnettandH.
Trivedi(eds)Post-colonialTranslation:Theoryandpractice,London:Routledge.
ViveirosdeCastro,Eduardo(1998)'CosmologicalDeixisandAmerindianPerspectivism',TheJournaloftheRoyalAnthropologicalInstitute4(3):469-488.
JohndemarkisAssociateProfessorofCulturalHistory.
Hismainresearchthemeisculturaltranslation,thetranslationofknowledgeandearlymodernencountersbetweenEuropeandAmerica,andthehistoryofthehumansciences.
Hisdoctoraldissertationexaminedculturaltranslationandearlymodernculturalencounters,andhispost-doctoralprojectwasGenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts95concernedwithAmazoniaasatoposinculturaltheory,ethno-politicsandpopularculture.
demarkhasampleexperienceinresearchcollaborationandresearchmanagementasaPIinarangeofprojects,includingTheBodyinTranslation–ChallengingandReinventingMedicalKnowledgeTranslation(withE.
Engebretsen,UniversityofOslo)and'TheBodyinTranslation–EarlyModernCulturalTranslationandtheConstitutionoftheHumanSciences(withMichaelWintroub,UniversityofCaliforniaBerkeley).
HehasbeenakeynotespeakerattheannualconferencesoftheAssociationofAuthorisedTranslatorsinNorwayandtheNon-fictionWritersandTranslatorsOrganization.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts96MaeveOlohanUniversityofManchester,UKWIKIPEDIASCIENCEARTICLESASCULTURALLYEMBEDDEDDISCOURSEPRACTICESThispaperexaminestheculturalembeddednessofscienceandsciencecommunicationthroughacasestudyinvestigatinghowspecificscientificconceptsarerepresentedinWikipediasindifferentlanguages.
Researchinscienceandtechnologystudieschallengesviewsofscienceasuniversalandvalue-free,providingalternativeframesforunderstandingthesocio-culturalcontingencyofscientificknowledge(Sismondo2012).
Post-positivistviewsof(scientific)knowledgeemphasizehowknowledgeemergesinandthroughpracticesinspecificsocio-culturalcontexts.
Atthesametime,publicrepresentationsofscientificandtechnicalknowledgeoftendownplayitsemergent,provisionalandculturallycontingentnature.
Asthefifthmostpopularwebsiteglobally(Alexa.
com),Wikipediaplaysasignificantroleasasourceofinformationinalldomains,includingscienceandtechnology,forbothhumanandAIuses.
However,itcanbearguedthatWikipedia,throughitseditorialpoliciesanditsinsistencethatitspurposeis'topresentfacts',alsodownplaysthecontingentandprovisionalnatureofthose'facts'(Wikipedia2017).
TheprominenceoffeaturedsnippetsfromWikipediainGooglesearchresultscontributesfurthertousers'impressionsofWikipedia'scontentasuniversalandincontrovertible.
Yet,Wikipediaeditorsarelikelytodrawonarangeofsocial,cultural,economic,politicalandlegalconceptstoshapereaders'understandingofscientifictopics.
Inaddition,theseeditorialcontextualizationsofscientificconceptsinWikipediaarticlescanbeexpectedtovaryacrosstimeandlanguage.
Thispaperpresentsapilotstudytodevelopamethodologyforidentifyinghowconceptsfromotherculturaldomains(social,economic,legal,ethical,etc.
)areuseddiscursivelyinWikipediasciencearticlestocontextualizeandshapeWikipedia'sscientificknowledge.
Thepilotstudyassessestheusefulnessofcomputationaltechniquessuchastopicmodelling,alongsidecorpus-linguisticanalysesandclosetextualreadings,fortracingtheconnectionsmadebyeditorsbetweenscientificandnon-scientificconceptsintheWikipediasciencearticles.
ItsaimistodesignamethodforidentifyingpatternsornetworksofconceptsthatcanthenbecomparedacrossdifferentWikipedialanguageversions.
Onalargerscale,thesecomparisonscouldoffervaluableinsightsintosimilaritiesanddifferencesinhowscientificknowledgeisculturallyembeddedandrepresentedinWikipediasindifferentlanguages.
ReferencesSismondo,S.
(2010)AnIntroductiontoScienceandTechnologyStudies,2ndedition,Chichester:JohnWiley&Sons.
Wikipedia(2017).
'WhatWikipediaisnot'.
Availableonline:https://en.
wikipedia.
org/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not(lastaccessed26/06/17).
MaeveOlohanisSeniorLecturerinTranslationStudiesandCo-DirectoroftheCentreforTranslationandInterculturalStudies,UniversityofManchester,UK.
Herrecentresearchhasfocusedbothonthetranslationofsciencein19th-centuryEuropeandontheworkplacepracticesoftoday'stranslationprofessionals.
Significantareasoffocusinthesestudiesarethesocialitiesandmaterialitiesoftranslation,andherforthcomingmonographexplorestheoreticalandempiricalapproachesforstudyingtranslationinpractice-theoreticalterms.
Herresearchhasbeenpublishedinleadingjournalsintranslationstudies,thehistoryofscienceandethnography.
SheisauthorofScientificandTechnicalTranslation(2016)andIntroducingCorporainTranslationStudies(2004),editorofInterculturalFaultlines:GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts97ResearchModelsinTranslationStudies(2000)andco-editor,withMyriamSalama-Carr,ofaspecialissueofTheTranslator(2011)onthetranslationofscience.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts98AgnieszkaPantuchowiczUniversityofSocialSciencesandHumanities,Warsaw,PolandTRANSLATIONANDTHEFAILUREOFGENDERMAINSTREAMINGINPOLANDThemainstreamingofwhatAndresenandDlling(2005)callgenderknowledge('Geschlechter-Wissens'),alongwithitstranslationintopolicy,demandconceptualizationonthelevelofinstitutionallyproducedknowledge.
AlthoughsomeacademicinstitutionsandfeministnetworksinPolandhaveattemptedtoinfluencethisprocess,theirinterventionshavesofarfailedtotranslateintopoliticalactionandacommitmenttoequality.
Thisfailure,asIwillargue,isatleastpartlytheresultoftheadoptionofspecificstrategiesintranslationsofgender-relatedtextsintoPolish.
Thecrucialaspectofthesestrategiesisapreferenceforforeignizingtheconceptofgender,asevidentnotonlyinthedecisiontoretaintheterminitsoriginalEnglishform,butalsoinexplicitpresentationsofthetranslationsastextsthatareintroducingforeignideasintothePolishculturalspace.
Thesestrategiesresultinastrategic"conceptualsilence"(Bakker1994)whichpreventssuccessfulmainstreamingoftheconceptandleavesroomforavarietyofagentstomanipulateitinthesphereofpopularknowledge.
ThisisparticularlyvisibleinPolandnow,giventhecurrentresurgenceofdiscoursesofpatriotism,nationalismandnaturallaws,allofwhichtreattheverynotionofgenderasathreat.
Thispresentationwillexploresomeofthestrategiesthathavecontributedtothecreationofgenderasaconceptuallysilentcategory,onthebasisofananalysisoftranslationsandtranslators'introductionstothePolishversionsofJudithButler'sGenderTrouble,GayatriSpivak's'ThePoliticsofTranslation'andLoriChamberlain's'GenderandtheMetaphoricsofTranslation'.
Iwillalsodiscusssomeofthewaysinwhichattemptsatmainstreaminggenderaremanipulatedbymassmedia,andindeedunderminedbyextendingthetranslationalstrategyofforeignizingtheconcepttooneof'denaturalizing'it,thuspopularizinggenderasacategorythatthreatensboththepoliticalandthenaturalorder.
ReferencesAndresen,S.
&I.
Dlling(2005)'UmbaudesGeschlechter-WissensvonReformakteurInnendurchGenderMainstreaming',inUteBehningandBirgitSauer(eds)WasBewirktGenderMainstreamingEvaluierungdurchPolicy-Analysen,FrankfurtamMain:CampusVerlag,171-187.
Bakker,I.
(ed.
)(1994)TheStrategicSilence.
GenderandEconomicPolicy,London:ZedBooks.
Bukowski,P.
andM.
Heidel(eds)(2009)Wspóczesneteorieprzekadu,Kraków:WydawnictowoZnak.
Butler,J.
(1990)GenderTrouble.
FeminismandtheSubversionofIdentity,Routledge:NewYork.
Chamberlain,L.
(1988)'GenderandtheMetaphoricsofTranslation',Signs13:454-472.
Spivak,G.
(1999)OutsideintheTeachingMachine,NewYork:Routledge.
AgnieszkaPantuchowiczteachesliterature,genderstudiesandtranslationattheUniversityofSocialSciencesandHumanitiesinWarsaw,Poland.
Shehaspublishednumerousarticlesonliterarycriticism,theoreticalaspectsoftranslationaswellasonculturalandideologicaldimensionsoftranslationinthePolishcontext.
SheisalsoengagedinresearchwithinthefieldofgenderstudiesandtheworkofcontemporaryPolishwomenwriters.
Herresearchinterestsaretranslationstudies,comparativeliteratureandfeministcriticism.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts99ManuelPavón-BelizónUniversitatObertadeCatalunya,SpainTHECIRCULATIONOFIDEASATAGEOPOLITICALCROSSROADS:TRANSLATINGCHINA'SPRODUCTIONINTHEHUMANITIESANDSOCIALSCIENCESFocusingonthetransnationalcirculationofChina'sproductionintheHumanitiesandSocialSciences,thispresentationwillseektoanalyzehowspecifictranslationalinitiativesarecarriedoutwithinacontextofpowershifts,andhowtheyreflectandrelatetogeopoliticalfactors.
Theaimwillbetoshedlightonsomeofthewaysinwhichcurrentgeopoliticaltransformationsinfluencethedynamicsofcirculationandlegitimationofknowledge.
IntheChinesecase,theaccumulationofcapitalhasincreasinglyimpliedanaccumulationofwhatBourdieucalled"nationalcapital",i.
e.
"economic,political,culturalandlinguisticadvantagesrelatedtonationalmembership"(2000:345)thatcanbetransmittedtoculturalproducersfromthatgeopoliticallocation.
Thisinfluencestranslationalinitiativesattwolevels:first,increasedmaterialresourcessupportofficial/institutionaleffortstoincreasethetransnationalvisibilityofChina'sculturalproductionthroughprogrammesforthetranslationintoEnglishandpublicationofworksfromthosefields;second,China'srisehasmadethecountryanobjectofgeneralinterest,andweconsequentlyfindagrowingtransnationalinterestinengagingwithChineseknowledgeproducers.
Thisinterestmaybemotivatedbycorporate,materialstakes,butitmaybealsodrivenbyideologicalaffinitiesandsymbolicgains.
Theinterestsatplayatthosedifferentlevelsultimatelydeterminewhichauthors,worksorideasgettobetranslatedandpublished,andhowtheyaretranslatedandpublished.
Thepresentationwillfocusontwodistincttranslationinitiatives:first,theinitiativessupportedbytheChineseFundfortheHumanitiesandSocialSciences;andsecond,initiativesoriginatingfromtheEuropeanandAmericannewleftcircles.
Theanalysiswillbebasedon:(1)aclosereadingofparatextualelements(introductions,prologues,reviews)ofthetranslatedtexts,aswellasotherrelevantdocumentsrelatedtothoseinitiatives(especially,inthefirstcase,programmepresentationsandapplicationrequirements);and(2)interviewswithagentsparticipatinginsuchinitiatives(translators,editors,promoters).
TheaimwillbetodemonstratethattheconditionsforthetranslationandcirculationofknowledgeinthefieldoftheHumanitiesandSocialSciencesaretheproductofanegotiationbetweencertainstructuraldeterminantsandtheagencyofmediators.
Thecurrentgeopoliticalcontextisauniqueopportunitytoanalyzetherelationshipbetweenpowerandtheproduction,circulationandlegitimationofknowledge,giventhatwearewitnessingunprecedentedgeopoliticalshiftsthat,forthefirsttimeinmorethanacentury,laybaretheinnermostmechanismsofthatrelationship.
ReferenceBourdieu,P.
(2000)Lesstructuressocialesdel'économie,Paris:Seuil.
ManuelPavón-BelizónisaPhDcandidateattheUniversitatObertadeCatalunya(Barcelona),andamemberofitsALTERresearchgroup.
HeholdsaBAinTranslationandInterpretingfromtheUniversityofGranada(2006),andaMAinChineseStudiesfromPompeuFabraUniversity(2014).
HespecializedinChineseatBeijingJiaotongUniversityandBeijingForeignStudiesUniversity(2006-2009).
Aspartofhiscurrentresearch,focusedonthetransnationalcirculationandreceptionofcontemporaryChinesethought,heheldaresearchfellowshipatPekingUniversity(2016).
HismainresearchinterestsareChinesecontemporaryintellectualhistoryandliterature,translationhistory,andthetransnationalcirculationofculturalproductions.
HeisalsoaChinesetoSpanishtranslator.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts100SusanPickfordUniversitéParis-Sorbonne,France"LESOPINIONSLESPLUSACCRDITESPARMILESGOLOGUESANGLAIS":TRANSLATINGHENRYDELABECHE'SGEOLOGICALMANUALFORTHECONTINENTALMARKETHenrydelaBeche(1796-1855),thefirstdirectoroftheBritishGeologicalSurvey,publishedhisGeologicalManualin1831.
Themanual,hailedas"thefirstandbestworkofthekind",waspublishedontheGermanmarketastheHandbuchderGeognosieinatranslationbyErnstHeinrichvonDechenthefollowingyearandastheManueldegéologieinaFrenchtranslationbyAndréBrochantdeVilliersin1833.
Bothtranslatorswereprofessorsofgeology.
Thispaperseekstoaccountfordifferencesintheirtranslatorialdiscourseintermsoftheplaceofgeologywithinthescientificfieldineachculture.
WheretheinstitutionsofGermangeologywerestilllargelyinfluencedbyAbrahamWerner'sneptunism–vonDechen'suseoftheWerneriantermGeognosieinthetitleissignificant–Frenchgeologists,includingBrochantdeVilliers,weremorebroadlyalignedwiththeplutonistschoolthataroseinBritainwiththeworkofJamesHutton.
Assuch,vonDechenopenlyespousedadeliberatelyinterventioniststrategyinhisparatextualcommentaryonthetranslation,claimingtobeproducinga"Bearbeitung"(adaptation)ofdelaBeche'sworkonthegroundsthatitwasoflittlerelevancetothecontinentalgeologist.
BrochantdeVilliers–whileacknowledgingtherelevanceofvonDechen'schangesandintroducingsomeofhisown–adoptedtheoppositestrategy,claimingfidelitytotheoriginalonthegroundsthatthework'smaininterestlayingivingFrenchgeologistsinsightsintothelatestdevelopmentsinBritishgeology.
Reflectingthemultidirectionalityofcross-culturaltransfersinthegenealogyofgeologicalknowledge,delaBechethenincorporatedmaterialfrombothtranslationsintosubsequenteditionsofhisownwork.
ThepaperwilltrackthesedimentaryaccretionofresearchbetweenthevariouseditionsofthemanualinEnglishandintranslation,inresponsetoMaeveOlohan's2014callforstudiesinthehistoryoftranslationthatofferarapprochementwiththenewtransnationalturninthehistoryofscienceandinbookhistory.
ReferencesBrochantdeVilliers,A.
(1833)Manueldegéologie,Paris:LangloisetLeclerc.
delaBeche,H.
(1831)GeologicalManual,London:Treuttel&Würtz.
Olohan,M.
(2014)'HistoryofScienceandHistoryofTranslation:DisciplinaryCommensurability',TheTranslator20(1):9-25.
vonDechen,E.
H.
(1832)HandbuchderGeognosie,Berlin:DunckerundHumblot.
Dr.
SusanPickfordisSeniorLecturerinTranslationStudiesintheEnglishdepartmentattheUniversitéParis-Sorbonne.
Shehaspublishedwidelyonthehistoryoftranslationfromtheeighteenthcenturytothepresent,includingachapteronprofessionaltranslationinthenineteenthcenturyforthefive-volumeHistoiredestraductionsenlanguefranaise.
HerparticularresearchinterestsaretheprofessionalsociologyoftranslatorspastandpresentandtheinterfacebetweenTranslationStudiesandBookHistory.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts101MyriamSalama-CarrUniversityofManchester,UKTHELANGUAGEOFANIMALWELFAREANDANIMALRIGHTSGrowingpublicconcernaboutanimalwelfare,notablyinthecontextofwidespreadindustry-ledexploitationofanimalsandabusivebreedingandslaughteringpractices,isincreasinglypoliticizedandtheshiftoffocusfromtheconceptofanimalwelfaretothatofanimalrights,fromcompassiontoethics,isframedinanincreasinglyvocalpoliticaldiscourse.
Describedas'thefastestgrowingsocialmovement'(Gaarder2011),animalactivismcanbeembodiedinpoliticalorganizationssuchasthenewlyformedPartianimalisteinFrance,withsimilarinitiativesinanumberofEuropeancountries,inTurkeyandinAustralia,whichaimtobancruelsportssuchashuntingandbullfightingandtoreducetheconsumptionofanimalproducts.
Asimilarshiftcanbeobservedinthemoveawayfromaperspectivecouchedinseeminglyneutral,scientificlanguagetoamoreinclusivedesignation(forexample,theformer'Officeinternationaldesépizooties'hasmadewayforthe'Organisationmondialedelasantéanimale')orinthedevelopmentofanimalwelfarescience(Broom2014).
Animalwelfarescienceisitselfembeddedinawiderdiscourseofnaturalandsocialscienceswhichcancontestspecismandchallengetheambivalent'religious'takeonanimalwelfare,atakethatcanpromotecompassionwhilstlegitimizingtheuseandexploitationofanimalsunderthepremiseofthehierarchyofspeciesandthecentralityofhumananimals.
Giventheglobaldimensionofanimalwelfareissues,translationplaysasignificantroleinconstructinganddisseminatingadiscourseofanimalwelfareandcontributingto'thesocialconstructionofanimals'(Stibbe2001).
Thepaperwillexplorehow,withabackdropofgreaterconvergencebetweenphilosophicalandscientificperspectives,conceptssuchassentience,welfareandrightsareevolvingwithreferencetonon-humananimals.
ExampleswillbedrawnfromEuropeanandinternationalinstitutions'materialandfromactivistorganizationsinArabic,EnglishandFrench.
ReferencesBroom,D.
M.
(2011)'AHistoryofAnimalWelfareScience',ActaBiotheoretica59:121-137Fraser,D.
(2008)UnderstandingAnimalWelfare–Thescienceinitsculturalcontext,WileyBlackwell.
Gaarder,E.
(2001)WomenandtheAnimalRightsMovement,NewBrunswick:RutgersUniversityPress.
Stibbe,A.
(2001)'Language,PowerandtheSocialConstructionofAnimals',SocietyandAnimals9(2):145-161.
MyriamSalama-CarrisSeniorResearchFellowattheCentreforTranslationandInterculturalStudies,UniversityofManchester.
Herresearchfocusesonthehistoryoftranslation,withparticularemphasisonthetranslationofscienceandthetransmissionofknowledge.
SheistheauthorofLaTraductionàl'époqueabasside(DidierErudition1990)andtheeditorofTranslatingandInterpretingConflict(Rodopi2007)andofaspecialissueofSocialSemioticsonTranslationandConflict(2007).
Shehasco-editedaspecialissueofForum(2009)onIdeologyandCross-CulturalEncounters,andofTheTranslator(2011)onScienceinTranslation.
SheisinvestigatorinaQNRF-fundedprojectontheconstructionofananthologyoftheArabicDiscourseonTranslation(2015-2018)andco-editorofaHandbookonLanguagesatWar(PalgraveseriesonLanguagesatWar)tobepublishedin2018.
ShewastheDirectoroftheNationalNetworkforTranslation(www.
nationalnetworkfortranslation.
ac.
uk)from2007to2017,andChairoftheTrainingCommitteeonIATIS(www.
iatis.
org)from2011to2016.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts102LauraV.
SándezVillanovaUniversity,USASEMANTICFIELDSANDEMOTIONALCONCEPTSINFIDELCASTROSPEECHESThispaperpresentsthefindingsofongoingresearchonthepresenceofemotionalconceptsinFidelCastro'sspeeches.
Itfocusesonthesemanticfieldofhappinessanditsrelationtotheconceptofthe'newman'duringCuba's'specialperiod'(1992-2003)–atermthatdesignatestheeconomiccrisissparkedbythecollapseoftheSovietUnionandthelossofitssubsidiesintheearly1990s.
Happinesswasoneofthemainemotionaldispositionsassociatedwiththe'newman'subjectivitythatwasconceivedandpromotedundertheRevolution.
'Newmen'wereexpectedtoputtheinterestofsocietyabovethatofindividualgainandmaintaintheircommitmenttotheCubanregimentoensureitsviability.
Theconceptof'newman'wasthusconstructedasafunctionofmoralandeconomicfactorsandpresupposesanemotionalresponseasitsoutcome.
Predictably,the'newman'conceptcameunderseverestrainduringthespecialperiod,butthesemanticfieldofhappinesscontinuedtolieattheheartofnationalnarrativesoftheselfasawayofreaffirmingthepoliticallegitimacyoftheregime–eventhoughitsspatio-temporalhistoricalconstructionhadchanged.
Thispresentationdrawsonthepremisethattheconceptualizationofthe'newman'astheproductofaconjunctureofeconomicmeasuresandemotionalresponsesfacilitatesthestudyofpossibleconvergencesbetweenideologicalandemotionalchanges.
Itreportsonalargediachronicstudy(1959-2003)thatdrawsonthenotionof'cycles',asdefinedbyeconomistCarmeloMesa-Lago,toexploretheinterplaybetweensocio-economicdevelopmentsandemotionalchanges–thuspursuingahistoriographicalpraxisinwhicheconomicprocessesandpoliticaleventsplayanimportantrolebecausetheydemandaresponseandinnovativespeechacts(Toews1987).
DrawingonthesentimentanalysistoolsofLIWCandNVivo,thispresentationwillexamineCuba'schangingemotionalnormsduringthe1990sthroughanevaluationofcontinuitiesanddiscontinuitiesintheexpressionofemotionalconcepts.
Threequestionsguidemycurrentresearch:whichemotionspredominateinthepresentationoftheself;whatisthepoliticaleconomyofemotion;andwhataretheideologiesandformativestructuresofpersonhood(BiessandGross2014).
Thisstudyprovidesapointofentrytoconceptualizetheemotionalnormativeeffortsatplayduringthespecialperiod.
ReferencesBiess,F.
andD.
M.
Gross(2014)'Introduction:EmotionalReturns',inF.
BiessandD.
M.
Gross(eds)ScienceandEmotionsafter1945.
Atransatlanticperspective,ChicagoandLondon:UniversityofChicagoPress,1-38.
JohnE.
Toews(1987)'IntellectualHistoryaftertheLinguisticTurn:Theautonomyofmeaningandtheirreducibilityofexperience',AmericanHistoricalReview92:879-907.
LauraV.
SándezisanAssistantProfessorofLatinAmericanliteratureandculturalstudiesatVillanovaUniversity.
Hercurrentstudyofemotionsborrowsfromherworkandresearchinthefieldoftheatre.
SheholdsanMAinPerformanceStudiesfromNYUandaPhDinSpanishLiteraturefromCityUniversityofNewYork,CUNY-GraduateCenter.
Herresearchinterestsincludehistoryofconcepts,historyofemotionsandLatinAmericancultureandhistory.
Overall,herresearchisconcernedwiththeimportanceofemotionsindiscursivepracticesenvisioningautonomyandagency.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts103TonySandsetUniversityofOslo,NorwayDISRUPTINGBINARIESINHIV/AIDSRESEARCH.
HOWWEWENTFROMFATALTOCHRONICANDFROM'POSITIVE/NEGATIVE'TO'DETECTABLE/UNDETECTABLE'RecentinnovationsinHIVtreatmenthavemademajorstridesinbothextendinglifeexpectancyforHIV+individualsaswellaskeepingHIV+individualshealthierandlesspronetoopportunisticdiseasesbysocalledARV(antiretroviraltreatment).
ThegoalofARVistosuppressviralloadtoso-called'undetectable'levelswhilekeepingahighCD4count(importantmetricfortheimmunesystem).
Inlightofthis,HIVhasbeencalledbysomepunditsandscholarsintheWesternWorldachronicdiseaseaslongasARVtreatmentissuccessful.
Thispresentationexaminesthedisruption,deconstructionandtranslationthatthisrepresentsintermsofthewaysinwhichwethinkaboutHIV;andhowsubjectivitiesareformedinthistensionfilledspacebetween'fatal/chronic','detectable/undetectable','positive/negative'.
ItfocusesonthewaysinwhichmetricssuchasviralloadandCD4countsaretranslatedintoadiscoursethatmakesproblematicbinariesliketheonesthathavejustbeenmentioned.
ThisisinvestigatedthroughalensthatstatesthatthesedeconstructivemovementsareindeedtranslationsofhighlyspecializedmedicalknowledgeandmedicaltechnologiesandthattheseinturnhavepowerfuleffectsonthewaysinwhichHIV+individualscometounderstandtheirownsubjectivities.
InmovingmedicalknowledgesuchasviralloadandCD4figuresfrombloodtestsandothermetrics,HIV+communitieshavecometobeinterpellatedinnovelwaysthathaveprofoundeffectsonsexuality,desire,notionsofhealth/wellbeing,andsubjectivities.
ThismustalsobeseeninlightofthevocabularythattheHIVpandemichistoricallyhasbeenembeddedinsinceitstartedoutasa'plague'.
Acomparisonofthevocabularyinthe1980swiththeoneusedtodayrevealsthataprofoundtranslationalturnhasinfluencedthefield.
AdvancesinknowledgeandmedicaltechnologieshaveledtothedisseminationofanewdiscoursewithinHIV+communities:theirmembersnolongernavigatebinaries,asamyriadofwaysofclaimingHIV+statushavebecomeavailable.
Serostatusisnolongerthevictimofdoomandgloom;instead,itoffersnovelwaysofunderstandingone'sownsubjectivity,bodyandhealthaswellasthebroaderHIVdiscourse.
TonySandsetisapostdoctoralresearcherattheFacultyofMedicine,UniversityofOslo,wherehereceivedhisPhDinCulturalHistory.
HiscurrentresearchfocusesonknowledgetranslationwithinthefieldofHIVcareandprevention.
Specificallyhisfocusisonhowmedicalknowledgefromrandomizedcontrolledtrialsismediated,howevidenceisgeneratedinHIVpreventionandhownewmedicaltechnologiesinformsubjectivities,desire,andsexuality.
Anotherofhisresearchareaspertainstotheintersectionbetweenrace,gender,classandHIVcareandprevention.
Relatingrace,classandgendertohowmedicalknowledgeisdisseminatedandtranslatedfromresearchtoclinicalandcommunityusageisofparticularinteresthere.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts104TonySandsetUniversityofOslo,NorwayTRANSLATINGEPIDEMICS:CROSSCULTURALENCOUNTERSANDTHEPROBLEMOFCAUSATIONGlobalepidemicsandglobalresponsestothemsetintomotionhumannetworksthataremeanttocurbepidemics,helpthesickandsavethedying.
However,inaglobalizedworld,thisoftenmeansthatdifferentwaysofexplainingtheepidemiccompeteforepistemichegemony.
Suchdisputesareoftenmediatedbyrecoursetotheconceptofcultureand,morespecifically,thepremisethatdifferencesinculturewillleadtodifferencesinmedicalknowledge,andthewaysofseeingdiseaseandillness,bodyandmind.
Withthehegemonyof'Westernmedicine',however,itisoftenthecasethatminorityperspectivesonwellbeinganddiseasearetranslatedandmadeintelligiblethroughthehegemonicsystemofbiomedicine.
ThistalkwillusevariouscasesoftheEbolaepidemicasentrypointstoexaminehowdifferentconceptualizationsoftranslationhaveinfluencedthewayinwhichtheEbolaepidemichasbeenunderstood;andtheextenttowhichtheconceptofcultureenablesourunderstandingofcausation,etiologyandthenatureoftheepidemicitself.
TonySandsetisapostdoctoralresearcherattheFacultyofMedicine,UniversityofOslo,wherehereceivedhisPhDinCulturalHistory.
HiscurrentresearchfocusesonknowledgetranslationwithinthefieldofHIVcareandprevention.
Specifically,hisfocusisonhowmedicalknowledgefromrandomizedcontrolledtrialsismediated,howevidenceisgeneratedinHIVpreventionandhownewmedicaltechnologiesinformsubjectivities,desire,andsexuality.
Anotherofhisresearchareaspertainstotheintersectionbetweenrace,gender,classandHIVcareandprevention.
Relatingrace,classandgendertohowmedicalknowledgeisdisseminatedandtranslatedfromresearchtoclinicalandcommunityusageisofparticularinteresthere.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts105LucíaSapiaUniversitatdeValència,SpainVicentMontaltUniversitatJaumeI,CastellódelaPlana,Spain&MartíDomínguezUniversitatdeValència,SpainMORETHANABATTLE:INTERCULTURALANDINTERLINGUALISSUESINTHEUSEOFMETAPHORSINTHENARRATIVESOFYOUNGCANCERSURVIVORSYoungcancersurvivorsareincreasinglyusingspacesavailabletothemontheInternettospeakupabouttheirexperiences,tonegotiatetheirindividualandcollectiveidentities,andtoexchangepersonalknowledgethatcontributestothesocialconstructionofcancerasadisease.
Thisstudyexamineshowtheircancerexperienceisdepictedthroughmetaphors;whetheryoungsurvivorsusethesamemetaphorsasadultsandmedicalprofessionals;andtheextenttowhichmetaphorsusedbyyoungsurvivorsareinfluencedbytheirdifferentgeographicalandlinguisticcontexts.
Drawingon128testimoniespublishedondifferentwebsitesbySpanishandBritishchildhoodandadolescentcancersurvivors,wefollowaproduct-orientedapproachtocomparetheirnarrativesandidentifydifferencesandsimilaritiesbetweenlanguagesystems(SaldanhaandO'Brien2014).
Themetaphorsandrhetoricaldevicesfeaturinginthesenarrativesfollowculturalmodels(DomínguezandSapia2016)orculturalscriptsthatdefinepersonalexperiencesoftheillness(SmithandWatson2010).
Thispresentationarguesthattheseyoungsurvivors'cancernarrativesallowfellowyoungpatientsandtheirmedicalteamstogainadeeperunderstandingoftheirexperiences(MarinescuandMitu2016).
Bycomparingtestimoniesfromtwocountries,writtenintwodifferentlanguages(EnglishandSpanish),itgaugestowhatextentmetaphorsaboutdiseasevaryacrosslanguagesandcultures,andhencethevariouswaysinwhichmetaphorsdrivetheconstructionofpersonalnarratives.
Ultimately,itisarguedthatthesedimensionsofnarrativeconstructionandnegotiationshouldinformtheworkoftranslators/interpretersandhealthprofessionalsworkinginmultilingualandmulticulturalhealthsettings.
ReferencesBegley,A.
etal.
(2014)'ListeningtoPatientswithCancer:Usingaliterary-basedresearchmethodtounderstandpatient-focusedcare',BMJOpen4(10):e005550.
Domínguez,M.
andL.
Sapia(2016)'CancerMetaphorsinSportNews:Thematchthatmustbewon',inP.
Ordóez-LópezandN.
Edo-Marzá(eds)MedicalDiscourseinProfessional,AcademicandPopularSettings,Bristol:MultilingualMatters,149-172.
Marinescu,V.
andB.
Mitu(2016)ThePoweroftheMediainHealthCommunication,London:Routledge.
Saldanha.
G.
andS.
O'Brien(2014)ResearchMethodologiesinTranslationStudies,London:Routledge.
Smith,S.
andJ.
Watson(2010)AGuideforInterpretingLifeNarratives.
Readingautobiography,Minneapolis:UniversityofMinnesotaPress.
LucíaSapiaisaPhDcandidateatUniversitatdeValència,Spain.
SheholdsaMaster'sintheHistoryofScienceandScientificCommunication.
SheisamemberofTheTwoCulturesObservatory,andhaspublishedongapsincancerknowledge,patient-doctorrelationship,cancerandmedia,andillnessmetaphors.
VicentMontaltisaSeniorLectureratUniversitatJaumeI(CastellódelaPlana,Spain),whereheteachesmedical,scientificandtechnicaltranslation.
HeistheDirectoroftheMaster'sProgrammeinMedicalTranslation,andleadstheTradMedresearchgrouponmedicalGenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts106translation.
HeisalsoamemberoftheGENTT(TextualGenresforTranslation)researchgroupandofIULMA(InstitutoInteruniversitariodeLenguasModernasAplicadas).
HeistheauthorofManualdetraducciócientíficotècnica(2005)andco-authorofMedicalTranslationStepbyStep.
Learningbydrafting(2007).
MartíDomínguezisProfessorofJournalismatUniversitatdeValència,Spain.
HeholdsaPhDinBiologyandhasabackgroundasresearcherinmediaandsciencecommunication.
HeleadsTheTwoCulturesObservatory,amultidisciplinaryresearchgroupthatfocusesontherelationshipsbetweenscientistsandthemedia.
Hehaspublishedwidelyintheareasofvisualcommunication,metaphorsandknowledgeexchangebetweenscientistsandthepublic.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts107GulnazSibgatullinaLeidenUniversity,NetherlandsTHECONSTRUCTIONOF'SACREDNESS'ANDPIETYINISLAMICRUSSIANThispaperexplorestherolethatcode-switchingandtranslationbetweenArabicandRussianplayintheconstructionof'sacredness'andpietywithinRussia'sMuslimcommunities.
TheethnicvernacularsspokenbyMuslimminoritiesinRussia,suchasTatar,UzbekandKumyk,becamelanguagesofIslamiccommunication,thought,andpublishinginlateImperialRussia.
ButfollowingthecollapseoftheSovietUnion,theseethnicvernacularsexperiencedagradualdecline(Grenoble2003:193-209)andbecameincreasinglyreplacedbyRussian,thereligiouslanguageoftheRussianOrthodoxChurch,asthenewlinguafrancaforRussia'sMuslims(BustanovandKemper2013)–withArabicbeingperceivedasasacredlanguageusedexclusivelyfortheperformanceofritualprayers.
TheaccommodationofRussianasanIslamiclanguagehasresultedintheemergenceoftwodistinctvariants.
InRussianism,thevariantcommonlyusedbyRussia'sstate-appointedIslamicleaders,originalArabicandPersianIslamicterminologyisfullytranslatedintoRussian.
SpeakersofArabism,ontheotherhand,advocatetheuntranslatabilityofQur'anicArabicandemployanalmostunlimitednumberofArabicloanwords,integratingthemintothemorphosyntaxofRussian.
SpeakersofthissecondvariantusuallysignalthesacrednessofArabicintwoways.
First,theyleaveIslamicvocabularythat,intheirview,shouldbecommonlyknowntoRussia'sMuslimsuntranslated;andemphasizetheoriginalpronunciationoftheseIslamicterms,whetherinwrittentexts(byusingsymbolsthatarenotpartoftheCyrillicalphabet)ororaldiscourse(byreproducingtheArabicaccent).
Second,theyfrequentlyengageinRussian-Arabiccode-switching;forexample,standardIslamicgreetings,expressions(e.
g.
'basmala'),andinvocations(e.
g.
'salawat')areusedonlyinArabic,whileQur'anicversesarerecitedinArabicandsubsequentlytranslatedintoRussian.
TheuseofArabicinArabismalsohasaperformativefunction:theabilitytospeakthesacredlanguageandreciteQur'anicversesbyheartforegroundsspeakers'pietyandknowledgeofIslamictheologyandrituals,whichbestowsauthorityonspeakerswithintheirreligiouscommunity,whereknowledgeofArabicisnotcommon(cf.
MarableandAidi2009:177-178).
Moreover,theuseofArabicwithoutaRussiantranslationemphasizesthespeaker'sclosenesstowhatisperceivedasthe'correct'and'authentic'formofIslam,asopposedtoRussia'straditionalIslam.
ReferencesBustanov,A.
K.
andM.
Kemper(2013)'TheRussianOrthodoxandIslamiclanguagesintheRussianfederation',SlavicaTergestina15:259-277.
Grenoble,L.
A.
(2003)LanguagePolicyintheSovietUnion,Dordrecht:Springer.
Marable,M.
andH.
D.
Aidi(eds)(2009)BlackRoutestoIslam,NewYork:PalgraveMacmillan.
GulnazSibgatullinaobtainedherBA/MAdegreeatMoscowStateLinguisticUniversity(Russia).
SheiscurrentlyaPhDcandidateworkingonaprojectentitled'RussianLanguageofIslamandtheRussianOrthodoxChurch:DialogueandMission'attheCentreforLinguisticsatLeidenUniversity(TheNetherlands).
Hermainresearchinterestsincludesociolinguisticsandreligiouslanguage,discourseandpower,andthecoexistenceofseveralreligiouscodeswithinonelanguage.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts108EvaSpiiakováUniversityofEdinburgh,UKTHECOMINGOUTOFVELVETREVOLUTION:TRANSLATIONANDTHECONCEPTUALISATIONOFHOMOSEXUALITYINPOST-COMMUNISTCZECHOSLOVAKIAAstheVelvetRevolutionof1989overturnedthesocialistregimeintheformerCzechoslovakia,itbroughtwithitanunprecedentedwaveoffreedoms;thepressandthepublishinghousesnolongerhadtoadheretothecensorialguidelinesoftheCommunistparty,andfreedomofspeechensuredthatmanysubjectsthathadbeentabooformorethanfourdecadesweresuddenlyspokenaboutinpublic.
Thevoicesofgaysandlesbiansthathadbeensilencedundertherepressivegovernmentwereimmediatelyheard,forcingthenewlyestablishedpoliticalsceneaswellasthewholepopulationtoacknowledge,ifnotwelcome,theirexistence.
OneofthefirstgoalsofthegrassrootsmovementthatstartedappearingimmediatelyafterthebordersopenedwastoeducateandbreaktheembargooninformationaboutLGBTsubjectsimposedbythepreviousgovernment.
Toborrowatermfromqueertheory,thisgradualprocessresemblestheperformativeworkofcomingout(SedgwickKosofsky,1990,p.
4).
Despitethefactthatnearlythirtyyearshavepassedsincetherevolution,researchonthiscrucialdevelopmentinthehistoryofCzechoslovakia'sLGBTcommunityisstillminimal,withveryfewpublishedworksmappingthesocietalchangessofar(Lorencová,2006;Schindler,SeidlandHiml,2013).
Myresearchaimstofillintheblanksontheroleoftranslationintheprocessoftransformingthegayandlesbiancommunityfromaninvisibleentity,definedalmostsolelybymarginalizedmedicaldiscourse,intoarecognizedandrepresentedpartofthesociety.
Thepresentationwillmaptheevolutionoftheterminologyanddiscoursesurroundinghomosexualitythroughtranslatedtextsandtheformsinwhichtheyreachedthetwolanguages,CzechandSlovak.
ItwillfurtheridentifychangesininformationsourcesasthehegemonyoftheRussianlanguagewasreplacedbyEnglishinthenewlydemocraticcountry,andaskwhatimpacttranslatorsandtheirworkhadontheconceptualizationofhomosexualitythatstillinfluencesthemoderndayCzechRepublicandSlovakia.
ReferencesLorencová,V.
(2006)BecomingVisible:QueerinPostsocialistSlovakia,PhDDissertation,UniversityofMassachusettsAmherst.
Schindler,F.
,J.
Seidl&P.
Himl(2013)Milujitvorysvéhopohlaví,Prague:ARGO.
SedgwickKosofsky,E.
(1990)EpistemologyoftheCloset,Berkeley&LosAngeles:UniversityofCaliforniaPress.
EvaSpiiakováreceivedacombinedBAandMAdegreeinJapaneseLanguageandInterculturalCommunicationfromComeniusUniversityinBratislava,afterwhichshespentayearatTokyoUniversityasanindependentresearcherfocusingonearlymodernJapaneseliterature.
In2013,EvamovedtoScotlandwhereshecompletedherMScdegreeinLiteraryTranslationasCreativePracticeattheUniversityofEdinburgh.
SheiscurrentlyadoctoralcandidateinTranslationStudiesatthesameuniversity.
HerresearchinterestsprimarilyincludegenderandparticularlyLGBTQissueswithintranslationstudies,andsheislikewiseinterestedinquestionsofcensorshipandmanipulationoftranslationsundertotalitarianregimes,especiallywithinthecountriesoftheformerEasternbloc.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts109JanSurmanHSEMoscow,Russia/IFKVienna,AustriaBETWEENNATION,BLOCANDSCIENTIFICCOMMUNITY:TRANSLATIONPOLICIESINTHESOVIETBLOCIntheyearsfollowingtheSecondWorldWar,thedynamicsofscholarlypublishinginCentralEuropeunderwentsignificantchanges.
BoundbycentralizedSovietguidelines,themainSocialistpublishinghouseswereencouragedtopublishtranslationsofworksfromfellowsocialistcountries,predominantlyinRussian,inordertounderscoreunityandcohesionwithintheSocialistCamp.
Amidthispoliticallandscape,localpublishinghousesenjoyedpartialfreedomregardingwhomtotranslate,andscholarsworkingintheSovietUnion'ssatellitecountriesstrovetohavetheworksofWesternscholarstranslatedintotheirlanguagestoovercomethelackofWesternpublicationsintheirlibraries.
Publishinghousesincommunistcountrieswerethuseffectivelyforcedtofindacompromise:complyingwithpoliticalpressureswhilerespondingtotheinterestsoftheirrespectivescholarlycommunities.
ThispaperexplorestheinterplaybetweentheautonomyofnationaltranslationpoliciesandtheconstrainingimpactofSovietguidelines,focusingonthemainscholarlypublishinghousesthatoperatedinpost-1945CentralEurope:PanstwoweWydawnictwoNaukowe(StateScientificPublishers,PWN)inPolandandNakladatelstvíCeskoslovenskéAkademieVed(from1966,Academia)(PublishingHouseoftheCzechoslovakAcademyofSciences,NCAV)inCzechoslovakia.
Establishedintheearly1950s,bothpublishersbecameveryinfluentialintheirrespectivecountriesthroughthepublicationofprestigioustranslationsfromacrossthewholedisciplinaryspectrum,rangingfromhistoriographytomathematics.
Unsurprisingly,acomparativeanalysisofPWNandNCAV'srepertoiresoftranslatedscholarlyliteraturerevealsthattranslationpoliciesweresensitivetopoliticalconstraints.
ButitalsoshowshowthescholarlypublishinglandscapeinCentralEuropeevolvedfromtheclosenessoflateStalinismtotherelativeliberalismthatemergedinthe1960s.
ItisfurtherarguedthattheopennessofsatellitecountriestoforeignWesternliteraturewasalsoinfluencedbytheirlocalpoliticalsituation,astherestrictionsinCzechoslovakiaafterthePragueSpringof1968illustrate.
JanSurmanisResearchFellowattheInternationalesForschungszentrumKulturwissenschaften,ViennaandvisitingscholaratthePoletayevInstituteforTheoreticalandHistoricalStudiesintheHumanitiesattheHigherSchoolofEconomicsinMoscow.
Hisresearchfocusesonscientifictransfer,academicmobilityandscientificinternationalism,andheiscurrentlyworkingonamonographonthehistoryofscientificlanguagesinCentralEurope.
SurmanreceivedhisPhDinhistoryfromtheUniversityofViennain2012.
HehasbeenavisitingscholarattheDepartmentofHistory,PrincetonUniversityandaPostdoctoralResearchAssociateattheHerderInstituteinMarburg.
HispublicationsincludeTheNationalizationofScientificKnowledgeintheHabsburgEmpire1848–1918(co-editedwithM.
G.
Ash,Palgrave2012);LanguageasaScientificTool:ShapingScientificLanguageAcrossTimeandNationalTraditions(co-editedwithMacLeod,SmirnovaandSumillera,Routledge2016);and'WissenschaftalsbersetzungTranslationundWandelpolnischsprachigerWissenschaftimlangen19.
Jahrhundert',ZeitschriftfürOstmitteleuropa-Forschung65(2016),H.
4(editor).
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts110ebnemSusam-SaraevaUniversityofEdinburgh,UKTRANSLATINGBIRTHSTORIESASPERSONALNARRATIVESANDTESTIMONIESInanerawhenparticipatoryperspectivesinsocialdevelopmentshavetakenonvariedformsandengagedindividualsavailthemselvesofamultitudeoftoolsinorderto'getthingsdone'insupportoftheirindividualandcollectiveagendas,howandthroughwhichmediadoescontemporarysocialandmedicalknowledge-makingtakeplaceFromourdisciplinarypointofview,whatroledoestranslationplayinthemakinganddisseminationofthisknowledgeacrosslinguisticandculturalbordersInordertoprovidesomeanswerstothesequestions,thispresentationfocusesontheroleoftranslatedpersonalnarrativesandtestimoniesintheproductionanddisseminationofknowledgewithinmaternalandneonatalhealth.
Thereisgrowingrecognitionwithinmedical/healthhumanitiesthatsubjectiveexperiencecanbealegitimatesourceofknowledgeandthatexperientialinformationcancomplement,enhance,aswellaschallenge,theconventionalwisdomdisseminatedbyinstitutionsandauthorities.
Birthstoriesarenoteworthyexamplesofsuchknowledgeofandexperiencebeingpassedonfromonepersontothenext,onegenerationtothenext,andonelanguageandculturetoanother.
Thispresentationwillfirstelaborateontheimportanceofexaminingbirthstoriessharedonlineandinprintamongparentsasresourcesforbirthpreparation,andonstudyingthemfromtheperspectiveofnarrativetheory,inordertoexaminehowpersonalnarratives/testimonialsarecirculatedwithaviewtochallengingthedeeplyingrainedpublicnarrativesonwomen'sbodiesandsocialpositionwithinagivensociety.
Itwillthendiscussakeytextwithinthenatural/positivebirthmovement:theAmericanmidwifeInaMayGaskin'sclassicworkGuidetoChildbirth(2003,translatedintoTurkishin2014),whichincludes126pagesofbirthstories.
ThesearestoriesofbirthsthattookplaceatTheFarmMidwiferyCentreinTennessee,U.
S.
,inthe1970sandthusdatebacktoatimewhenbirthoutsideahospitalsettingwasregardedasa'hippy'phenomenonintheUnitedStates.
Thispresentationexaminestowhatextentthesestoriesaretailoredtothetastes,expectations,experiences,andknowledgeofcontemporaryTurkishreaderssomefourdecadeslater,whilethe're-telling'ofthesepersonalnarrativesinafundamentallydifferentcontextneverthelessactsasacatalysttotheongoingdebatesonmaternalandneonatalhealthinTurkey.
ReferenceGaskin,I.
M.
(2003)InaMay'sGuidetoChildbirth,NewYork:Bantam;2014.
naMay'nDoumaHazrlkRehberi,trans.
byZeynepBirinciGülerandzgeAltnkayaErkk.
Istanbul:SinekSekiz.
ebnemSusam-SaraevaisaSeniorLecturerinTranslationStudiesattheUniversityofEdinburgh,Scotland,UK.
Herresearchinterestshaveincludedgenderandtranslation,retranslations,translationofliteraryandculturaltheories,researchmethodologyintranslationstudies,internationalizationofthediscipline,translationandpopularmusic,andtranslationandsocialmovements.
SheistheauthorofTranslationandPopularMusic.
TransculturalintimacyinTurkish-Greekrelations(2015)andTheoriesontheMove.
Translation'sroleinthetravelsofliterarytheories(2006),andguest-editorofTranslationandMusic(2008)andNon-ProfessionalsTranslatingandInterpreting.
Participatoryandengagedperspectives(2012,withLuisPérez-González).
BeyondtheUniversityofEdinburgh,sheistheChairoftheARTISSteeringCommittee(AdvancingResearchinTranslationandInterpretingStudies).
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts111MihaelvitekTechnicalUniversityDresden,GermanyWHATDOYOUMEAN,'IDEOLOGY'DATA-DRIVENCONCEPTANALYSISBASEDONFRAMESEMANTICSThispresentationarguesthatawidearrayoftextualmanifestationsofideologycanbeanalysedautomatically.
Itbeginsbyadvocatingtheneedtoplacetheterm'ideology'againatthecentreoflinguisticandculturalresearch.
Againstthebackgroundoftheintricatehistoryof'ideology',Iwillpresentaheuristic'mapofthefield'(Maynard2013)anddeliverashortoverviewofthediscursive,conceptualandquantitativeapproachestocontemporaryanalysesofideology.
Thiswillbefollowedbytheproposalofaprovisionaldefinitionoftheconceptthatmayinformsemi-automatedanalysesofitstextualrealizations.
Thesecondpartofthispresentationfocusesprimarilyonmethodologicalandmethodicalaspectsofmysemi-automatedapproachtotheanalysisofsemanticchangearoundspecificterms,andexamineswhetherandhowideologicallanguagecanbeoperationalized.
Drawingonthenotions'chainofequivalence'(LaclauandMouffe1985)and'decontestationofconcepts'(Freeden1996),aswellasthelinguistictheoryofframesemantics(Konerding1993),Iwillcontendthattheproductionofmeaning,andthusideological'truth',followscertainlinguisticrulesandcanbeclearlydefinedandconceivedthroughlanguageusageanalysis.
Aself-developedmethodfortheautomatedextractionandelaboratedsemanticexplorationofanyconceptfromlargetextcorporawillbepresented.
Thefinalpartofmypresentationoutlinesanexemplaryframeworkforconceptualresearchinthepoliticalandculturalscienceswiththehelpofcorpuslinguisticmethods.
AsynchroniccomparisonofthecontemporaryGermanright-wingencyclopediaMetapediaandWikipediawillrevealthemeansthroughwhichcrucialconceptslikeVolk(apeople)orculturearechargedsemanticallytoconstructideologicalcoherency.
ReferencesBubenhofer,N.
(2009)Sprachgebrauchsmuster.
KorpuslinguistikalsMethodederDiskurs-undKulturanalyse,Berlin&NewYork:deGruyter.
Freeden,M.
(1996)IdeologiesandPoliticalTheory.
Aconceptualapproach,Oxford:ClarendonPress.
Laclau,E.
&C.
Mouffe(1985)HegemonyandSocialistStrategy:Towardsaradicaldemocraticpolitics,LondonandNewYork:Verso.
Konerding,K.
(1993)FramesundlexikalischesBedeutungswissen:UntersuchungenzurlinguistischenGrundle-gungeinerFrametheorieundzuihrerAnwendunginderLexikographie,Tubingen:DeGruyter.
Maynard,J.
L.
(2013)'Amapofthefieldofideologicalanalysis',JournalofPoliticalIdeologies,18(3):299–327.
MihaelvitekisResearchFellowatTechnischeUniversittDresdenattheDepartmentofLinguistic,LiteratureandCulturalstudiesandvice-directoroftheDresdenCenterforDigitalLinguistics.
HeiscurrentlyworkingonadoctoralthesisentitledLanguageandIdeologywhichwillincludeanewmethodologicalframeworkforthelinguisticanalysisofideologicalconcepts,havingpreviouslycompletedamaster'sthesisondeconstructiveinterpretationsincontemporaryGermangenderlinguistics.
MihaeliscurrentlyteachingbachelorandmastercoursesaboutCulturalandPoliticalLinguisticsandregularlygivesguestlecturesondifferentlinguisticaspectsofpoliticalhistory.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts112LauraTarkka-RobinsonUniversityofHelsinki,Finland'MENOFLIBERALMINDS':R.
E.
RASPE'SMINERALOGICALTRANSLATIONSANDTHEIRASPIREDAUDIENCEINLATEEIGHTEENTH-CENTURYBRITAINIn1775,RudolfErichRaspearrivedinLondonaccusedofhavingstolenrarecoinsfromacollectionwhichhisformeremployer,theLandgraveofHessen,hadentrustedtohiscustodianship.
Inthefollowingyears,Raspeappliedallhisenergiestore-establishinghimselfinanewcountrybymeansoftranslation,inparticularbytranslatingbooksonmineralogyintoEnglish.
Thispaperwillshowhow,asatranslatorofcontinentalmineralogy,Raspeassumedtheroleofagate-keeperwhonotonlyofferedhisEnglishreaderswhatheconsideredasproperworkinthisfield,butwhoalsooutlinedmineralogyasa'useful'science,basedonage-oldattemptstoanswerthemostbasicneedsofhumansocietybutmethodizedonlyoflateby'activefriendsofknowledge.
'Inthisscheme,Raspe's1776translationsofthepublishedtravelcorrespondencebetweenJohannJacobFerberandIgnazEdlervonBornopenedupawindowintoaworldofco-operationandinteraction,inwhichpublic-spiritedfriendsof'menandgoodsense'werecreatinganew'latitude'formineralogybycollectingobservationsfromdifferentpartsofEurope.
Significantly,Raspe'sEnglisheditionsofthelettersofBornandFerberdidnotonlyrephrasetheactualletterswithafocuson'thetruesense';forRaspealsoaddednotes,indexes,andappendices,aswellaslargelyindependentprefaces,inwhichhetooktheopportunitytodisplayhisownscientificexpertise.
Whiletheconceptofmineralogywhichthesetranslationsadvocatedwasfirmlyanchoredinthediscourseofexperimentalscience–famouslychampionedbytheRoyalSocietyofLondon–thepaperpointsoutthatRaspe'saccentuatedapplicationoftheexperimentalidiomwasanactofculturaltransfer,bywhichheaspiredtoattractpatrioticBritishsponsorsforhisownmineralogicalwork.
Ontheonehand,Raspeexplainedthatmakinganexclusive'mystery'ofartsandscienceswas'selfish,'sinceimprovingthemwasagreatuniversalgoal.
Yet,ontheotherhand,healsoarguedthatlocalcircumstanceshadthroughtheagesactuallyproducednationalspecialization,whichgavehimoccasiontoclaimthatpeopleofGermanorigin–likehimself–hadanaturalleadinmineralogy.
Hence,thepaperarguesthatRaspe'stranslationswerepreparedintheinterestofaffirminghisBritishreaders'dedicationtothe'useful'sciences,whilesimultaneouslydemonstratingtheirrelativeignoranceofcurrentadvancesinafieldthatseemedlikelytoaddtotheir'enviedprosperity.
'LauraTarkka-RobinsonisaPost-DoctoralResearcherattheUniversityofHelsinki,Finland.
InherPhDthesis–centredontheroleofRudolfErichRaspe(1736-1794)asaculturalmediator–sheexaminedculturaltransferinthecontextoftheAnglo-Hanoverianpersonalunion.
HercurrentresearchisaffiliatedwiththeCOMHISCollectiveandconcernstheconstructionofnationalcharactersinEnlightenmentdiscourse.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts113PrzemysawUcińskiUniversityofWarsaw,PolandTHINKINGSEXUALITY/TRANSLATINGPOLITICS:QUEERNESSIN(TO)POLISHTheargumentthatQueerTheoryisaninadequatetoolfor(thestillmuchneeded)politicalandculturalchangeinPolandalreadyhasanestablishedtradition.
Foralongtimenow,LG(BT)activistshavefocusedonidentity-basedpostulatesandstrategies,endorsingmoreessentialistviewsonsexualityandclaimingthosetobenecessarytoadoptinthelocalcontextinordertotransformthe'backward'attitudestogenderandsexualityprevalentinPolishsociety.
Incontrasttothis'modernizing'activistnarrative,queertheoristssuchasLeeEdelmanhavequestionedthepoliticalusefulnessandeffectivenessofsuchprojects.
Hence,thequestionofdoingpoliticshasbecomeincreasinglylinkedwiththequestionoftheavailablewaysofthinkingaboutwhatpoliticsis–andhowthinkingabout(andtranslating)theconnectionsbetweenpolitics,thestudyofsexualityandthediscoursesofqueernessmayeitherresistorbecomevulnerabletopredeterminedpoliticalgoals.
Againstthisbackground,thescanty,belatedandhighlyselectivetranslationsofanumberofinfluentialtextsinQueerTheoryhavehadsomeimpactonthereceptionofalternativeviewsonLGBTactivisminPoland.
IwillattempttotracevariouslinksbetweenPolishtranslationsofsometexts–byDavidHalperin,MichaelWarnerandLeeEdelman,forinstance–andthedissemination/assimilation(orlackthereof)ofQueerTheoryinPolishacademicandnon-academicdiscourses.
Iwilldiscusshowthequality,timinganddistributionoftranslatedtexts–whetherdispersedandfragmentarytextsorpassagespreselectedandanthologizedas'representative'–resultinasomewhat'distorted'genealogyofQueerStudiesinPoland,where,asinmanyothercountries,thedisciplineismediatedalsobygapsanddiscontinuitiesintranslationpractice.
Thiswillhighlightquestionsoftransfer,localityandlocation,butalsoofnativityand(aresistanceto)foreignness,asinevitablycrucialforthinkingaboutthebroaderreceptionofacademicandscientificdevelopments.
Thesequestionsareevenmorecrucialinthecontextofattemptstodeploya'scientific'or'theoretical'discourseforpoliticalends,especiallywhenthisincludesrethinkingtheverylimitsandgoalsofthepolitical.
PrzemysawUcińskiisAssistantProfessorattheInstituteofEnglishStudies,UniversityofWarsaw.
HeistheauthorofParody,ScriblerianWitandtheRiseoftheNovel(FrankfurtamMain,LondonandNewYork:PeterLang,2016).
HehaspublishedanumberofarticlesonEnglishliterature,thehistoryofthenovel,theaestheticsofparodyandtranslation.
HeisamemberoftheeditorialboardofAnglica.
AnInternationalJournalofEnglishStudies,apeer-reviewedjournalpublishedbytheUniversityofWarsaw.
Hisresearchinterestsincludeliterature,QueerTheoryandTranslationStudies,inparticulartheeighteenth-centuryliteratureandtheEnlightenment,inconnectionwiththediscoursesofqueernessanddeconstruction,andtheirgenealogies.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts114ClareVassalloUniversityofMalta,MaltaSOUTHERNMEDITERRANEANTRADEROUTES:MALTA,ASUCESSIONOFMAJORLANGUAGES,ANDTHEEMERGENCEOFAVERNACULARLocatedalmostequidistantlybetweentheNorthAfricanshoreclosetotheislandofDjerba,andtheSouthernEuropeanislandofSicily,Maltahasbeenatthecrossroadsofmanymajorlanguages,oftraderoutes,andexchangesofvariouskindssinceancienttimes.
ItsinhabitantsstretchintothemistsoftheunwrittenandunrecordedlinguisticpastofitsStoneandBronzeAgepeople,architectsofmathematicallyprecisebuildingsthatsurvivetothisday.
Bythe7thcenturyBCtheywerejoinedbyPhoeniciantraderswhoalsosettledontheislandandbuilt,amongotherstructures,theirowntempletoMelkart.
Centurieslater,inthe17thcentury,twoPhoeniciancippi(ornamental,truncatedpillars)bearinginscriptionsinGreekandanundecipheredlanguagewerediscoveredbytheKnightsofStJohn,themultilingualOrderwhichwasthenmasteroftheisland.
OneofthesecippiremainsinMalta,theotherpresentedtoLouisXVIbyFraEmmanueldeRohan-Polducin1694isattheLouvreinParis.
ThisinscriptionwastoprovidethekeythatunlockedthePhoenicianlanguageinthehandsofFatherBarthlemyin1758.
ThecippusmaywellbethemostmomentousoflinguisticartefactstobediscoveredinMalta,whichisstrangelyignoredbyNicholasOstlerinhischapterontrader'slanguages(2010),wherehediscussesthespreadofPhoenicianandGreekintheperiodbeforeRomandominanceintheMediterranean.
Thispaperwillfocusonthelinguistichistoryoftheisland,whichisitselfanexcellenttestamenttotheebbandflowoftradelanguagesandlinguafrancasastheyappearedanddisappearedintheharboursandportsofMalta,leavingtracesbehindwhichformedavernaculartodayrecognizedasthecountry'snationallanguage,Maltese(Brincat2011).
MalteseisablendofArabic,SicilianItalianandEnglish,withlayersofinfluenceofideas,concepts,andsharedknowledgedrawnfromthemanylanguagesspokenandwrittenontheislandoverthecenturies.
TheseincludetheSemitic/Punic,ByzantineGreek,LatinwhenMaltawasaRomanCivitas,ArabicfollowingtheinvasionofSicilyandthenMalta,ItalianforadministrationundertheKnightsofSt.
John,FrenchwhenNapoleontookitover,andfinallyEnglishundertheBritishEmpirefrom1800to1964.
Finally,thepaperwillprovideabrieflookatapublishedcasestudydrawingattentiontospecificdifficultiesinvolvingtheconcurrentuseofdifferentlanguagesineffectingknowledgetransferinspecificfields,suchastraininginMidwiferyandReproductiveMedicinewherethespokenlanguage(Maltese)isnotthelanguageofinstruction(English,Italianandinthepast,Latin)(Vassalloetal.
2012).
ReferencesBrincat,J.
(2011)MalteseandOtherLanguages:AlinguistichistoryofMalta,Malta:Midsea.
Eyanud,J.
,E.
CassarandC.
Vassallo(2012)TranslationStudies:AnAnglo-Maltesescenarioofreproductivehealth,Saarbruken:Lambert.
Ostler,N.
(2010)TheLastLinguaFranca:EnglishuntilthereturnofBabel,London:Penguin.
AgraduateofPhilosophy,LinguisticsandEnglishLiterature,ClareVassallopursuedherinterestattheinterfaceofthesethreeareasattheIstitutodiComunicazione,UniversityofBologna,ItalywheresheobtainedherPhDinSemioticsunderthetutorshipofProfUmbertoEco.
TheemphasisofherresearchwasonthefieldofSemioticsasliteraryandculturaltheoryandastheoryofknowledge.
SheiscurrentlyAssociateProfessorofSemioticsandTranslationStudiesintheDepartmentofTranslationStudiesattheUniversityofMalta.
SheteachespostgraduatecoursesintheDepartmentofTranslationStudiesandontheMAProgramonGenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts115PopularCultureandLiteraryTradition.
HercoursesincludeTranslationHistoryandTheory;Pragmatics,SemanticsandSemiotics;LiteraryTranslation;amongothers.
SheguesteditedaSpecialIssueofthejournalSemiotica,titledUmbertoEco'sInterpretativeSemiotics:Interpretation,Encyclopedia,Translation,DeGruyterMouton,2015,vol.
206,issue1/4.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts116SietseWieringaUniversityofOslo,Norway/UniversityofOxford,UKTRANSLATIONORINTERMEDIATIONGUIDELINESVERSUSMINDLINESClinicalguidelines(aswecurrentlyknowthem)aresummariesofobjectiveresearchfindingswithrecommendationsforpracticeandareintendedtoinformdecisionsbybothcliniciansandpatients.
Despitetheeffortsputintogeneratingsuchguidelines,GabbayandleMay(2004)foundinadetailedethnographicstudythatcliniciansineverydaypracticesituationsdidnotexplicitlyorconsciouslyuseguidelines.
Instead,theybasedtheirdecisionson'mindlines',i.
e.
collectivelyshared,mostlytacitknowledgethatisshapedbymanysources,includingaccumulatedpersonalexperiences,education(formalandinformal)andthenarrativesaboutpatientsthataresharedamongcolleagues.
Mindlineschallengeourbasicassumptionsaboutevidence-basedknowledgetranslationinhealthcare.
Theyrequireustore-conceptualizewhatknowledgeis,howitdevelopsandhowitisabsorbedincommunitiesofclinicalpractice.
Theyfundamentallyquestionhowfindingsfromrandomizedcontrolledtrialscouldorshouldbemanaged,and,evenmoreimportantly,problematizewhatknowledgecountsas'valid'and'meaningful'.
Nonetheless,mindlinescouldpotentiallyinformthedevelopmentofguidelinesthatclinicianscanandwanttofollow.
ThispresentationwillreflectontheseissuesandoffersomeinsightsbasedonethnographicresearchinprogressonguidelinepanelsandvirtualsocialnetworksofcliniciansintheNetherlands,UKandNorwayregardingnewerunderstandingsand(im)possibilitiesofknowledgemanagement,creationandtranslationinclinicalguidelinedevelopment.
Thiswillincludecomparingthecharacteristicsofknowledgeinguidelinepanelsversusthewidermedicalcommunity,unpackingthemanygoalsofguidelineproductionwithafocusondecisionsupport,exploringalternativeevasionsoftheproblemofinductionanddiscussingsometheoriesofknowledgeintegration.
ReferenceGabbay,J.
andA.
leMay(2004)'EvidenceBasedGuidelinesorCollectivelyConstructed'Mindlines'Ethnographicstudyofknowledgemanagementinprimarycare',BMJBritishMedicalJournal329(7473):1013.
SietseWieringaisanacademicGP,clinicallyactiveinAmsterdamandLondon.
DrWieringagraduatedwithcumlaudeatLeidenUniversityintheNetherlandsandobtainedaMasterinHealthcareManagementattheUniversityofRotterdam.
HewasastudentoftheHarvardMedicalSchoolGlobalClinicalScholarsResearchTrainingprogrammeandheldaNIHRresearchfellowshipatQueenMaryUniversityinLondon.
HeiscurrentlyaresearchfellowattheCenterforHealthSciencesEducationoftheFacultyofMedicineattheUniversityofOsloandaDPhilstudentattheUniversityofOxfordworkingwithProfessorTrishaGreenhalgh.
HeisalsoastandingcommitteememberfortheupdateofclinicalguidelinesattheNationalInstituteforHealthandCareExcellence(NICE)intheUKandamemberoftheAIDworkinggroupattheGuidelinesInternationalNetwork(GIN).
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts117GerhardWiesenfeldtUniversityofMelbourne,AustraliaMATHEMATICSATLEIDENAFTER1600:LATIN,DUTCHANDARABICDuringthefirsthalfoftheseventeenthcentury,LeidenUniversityhousedthreedifferentkindsofmathematicsassociatedwiththedifferentlanguagesithadbeenwrittenin.
Whileeachkindrelatedtoadifferentcultureofknowledgeandadifferentsocialsetting,translationsbetweenDutchandLatinandfromArabicintoLatinchangedtherelationbetweentheknowledgecultures.
ThetraditionalLatinmathematicshadbeenshapedbyRudolfandWillebrordSnelliusintheframeworkofRamistphilosophy,whichstoodagainstthehumanistmainstreamoftheuniversitythatwasprimarilyrepresentedbythephilologicalworkofJustusLipsiusandJuliusScaliger.
WhileScaligerhadalreadybranchedoutintomathematics,thehumanisttraditioninmathematicsacquiredamoreimportantrolewiththeappointmentofJacobusGoliusasprofessorofArabicin1625andwasthenbasedonthemathematicalwritingsthatGoliushadbroughtbackfromhistravelstoMoroccoandSyria.
Finally,therewastheDutchmathematics,whichhadbeensetuptoteachpracticalmathematicsinthevernaculartocraftsmenaspiringtobecomesurveyorsormilitaryengineers.
RepresentedbyLudolfvanCeulenandFransvanSchooten,itsacademicstatuswasprecarious,yetitenjoyedsupportamongthestudentpopulationandtheLeidenCityCouncil.
ThispresentationexplorestherelationbetweenthethreekindsofmathematicsatLeiden.
Whiletherewasacertainamountofantagonismbetweenthedifferentintellectualtraditions,theconnectionsbetweenthembecameincreasinglyclose,notleastthroughextensivetranslations.
WillebrordSnelliusundertookanextensiveprogramoftranslationsbetweenDutchandLatinmathematics,withtheideatoembedthepracticalidealofDutchmathematicsinthehumanisttraditionsatLeiden.
JacobGoliuswasalsoconnectedtoDutchmathematics,notleastastheson-in-lawofFransvanSchooten.
HistranslationalworkfromArabictookupexamplesfromSnelliusbypresentingthecontentofmanuscriptsinhislecturesinsteadofprovidingfullpublications.
TheinteractionsofthethreekindsofmathematicshappenedincontextsinwhichthecityofLeidendemandedanexpansionofpracticalmathematicalexpertisetofulfiltheneedsofarapidlygrowingcity.
MathematicalscienceschallengedtheestablishedorderofphilosophyandtheDutchEastIndiaCompanyvoicedtheirexpectationsofconnectingacademicknowledgetotheirneeds.
Inthiscontext,Dutchmathematicsbecamemorephilosophical,Latinmathematicsmorepractical,andArabicmathematicspartoftheculturalestablishmentoftheuniversity.
ReferenceWiesenfeldt,W.
(forthcoming)'The'DuytscheMathematicque':ThecultureofmathematicsandthefamilynetworkofLeidenUniversity',inE.
Jorink,I.
Nieuwland&H.
Zuidervaart(eds)LocationsofKnowledge,Leiden:Brill.
GerhardWiesenfeldtisaLecturerintheHistoryofScienceattheUniversityofMelbourne.
HeholdsanMScinPhysicsandaPhDinHistoryofScience,bothfromtheUniversityofHamburg.
Hehaspublishedextensivelyonthehistoryofexperimentalnaturalphilosophyandtheroleofthesciencesinearlymodernuniversities,withafocusontheDutchRepublicandprotestantGermancountries.
HeiscurrentlyworkingonabookontherelationbetweenpracticalmathematicsandnaturalphilosophyintheDutchRepublic.
Recentpublicationsinclude:(2016)'AcademicWritingsandtheRitualsofEarlyModernUniversities',IntellectualHistoryReview,26:447-460;(2016)'Craftsmen,MerchantsandScholars:HiringpracticesattheUniversitiesofLeidenandEdinburgh,1575–1750'(withAaronMitchell),YearbookfortheEuropeanCultureofScience,8:163-187.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts118YifanZhu&KyungHyeKimJiaoTongBakerCentreforTranslationandInterculturalStudies,ShanghaiJiaoTongUniversity,ChinaINDIVIDUALISMONTHEMOVE:REDEFINING'INDIVIDUALISM'INCHINAAlthoughtheconceptof'individualism'iscentraltomodernunderstandingsofhumanbehaviourandsociety(indeed,social,politicalandmoralphilosophystressestheimportanceofindividualdignity,self-reliance,andliberty),scholarlyworkonthegenealogyof'individualism'(Barnes1995,Claeys1986,Shanahan1992)hassofarfailedtotracethetransformationsthatthemeaningofthisconcepthasundergonebothwithinandoutsideEurope.
Thiscorpus-basedstudyexamineshowthemeaningofindividualismhasbeenredefined,re-establishedandreconstructedthroughtranslationinthePeople'sRepublicofChina(hereafterChina)between1910-2010.
TheconceptfirstenteredEastAsiathroughtheJapanesetranslation'個人主義'(kojinshugi)intheMeijiera(1860s-1890s),andwaslaterintroducedintoChinathroughtranslationatthebeginningofthetwentiethcentury.
Sincethen,'个人主义'(gerenzhuyi)hasbeenthemostwidelyusedChinesetermtodesignatethisconcept.
However,thispresentationwillshowthat(i)themeaningof'individualism'hasbeensubjecttoconstantnegotiationandcontestationinthepoliticalandsocialcontextsinwhichitwasused;and(ii)translationhasplayedakeyroleinthisextensiveanddynamicprocessofmeaningnegotiation.
Forexample,duringChina'sNewCultureMovementinthe1920sand1930s,whichaimedtomodernizeliteratureandlanguagethroughthetranslationofWesternliteraryworks,'individualism'hadneutralorpositiveconnotations.
However,afterthefoundingofChinain1949,asMarxismandCommunismbecameformallyestablishedastheprevalentideologyinthecountry,itbecamethetargetofbittercriticism–amidthegrowingbodyoftranslatedRussianliteratureseekingtoimposeMarxismandcommunistpropaganda,andundermineanyopposingWesternideas.
Thispresentationwillarguethatconceptsandideasareconstantlyrenegotiatedandredefinedastheytravelacrosscultures;thattheyaretransformedastheytravelthroughtime;andthatthemeaningwearefamiliarwithtodayistheresultofacomplexinterplaybetweenlinguistic,sociological,culturalandideologicalfactors.
ReferencesBarnes,B.
(1995)TheElementsofSocialTheory,NJ:PrincetonUniversityPress.
Claeys,G.
(1986)''Individualism,''Socialism,'and'SocialScience':FurtherNotesonaProcessofConceptualFormation,1800-1850',JournaloftheHistoryofIdeas47(1):81–93.
Shanahan,D.
(1992)TowardaGenealogyofIndividualism,Amherst:UniversityofMassachusettsPress.
YifanZhuhasaPhDinLinguisticswithaspecializationintranslationandcontrastivestudiesofChineseandEnglish.
SheisAssociateProfessoratShanghaiJiaoTongUniversityandAssociateDirectoroftheBakerCentreforTranslationandInterculturalStudies.
Inadditiontoteachingandtranslating,DrZhupublishesinthefieldsoftranslationstudies,contrastivelinguisticsandcorpus-basedtranslationstudies.
HerarticleshaveappearedinjournalssuchasChineseTranslator'sJournal,JournalofForeignLanguages,JournalofForeignLanguageTeaching,JournalofPLAUniversityofForeignLanguagesandForeignLanguagesResearch.
HermonographTheInfluenceofTranslationontheModernChineseLanguage(1905-1936)waspublishedin2011bytheForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress.
KyungHyeKimisaLecturerinTranslationStudiesattheSchoolofForeignLanguages,ShanghaiJiaoTongUniversity,andamemberoftheBakerCentreforTranslationandInterculturalStudies.
SheholdsaPhDinTranslationandInterculturalStudiesfromtheUniversityofManchester.
Heracademicinterestslieincorpus-basedtranslationstudies,GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts119criticaldiscourseanalysis,andtheapplicationofnarrativetheorytotranslationandinterpreting.
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts120KrisztinaZimányiUniversidaddeGuanajuato,MexicoVerónicaMurilloGallegos&AnnaMariaD'AmoreUniversidadAutónomadeZacatecas,MexicoTRANSLATOR-INTERPRETERSINTHEEVANGELIZATIONOFTHENEWSPAIN:ANINTERDISCIPLINARYAPPROACHOneoftheearliestcentresfortranslationinthe"NewWorld"wastheColegiodeSantaCruz,foundedin1536atTlatelolcoinNewSpain.
TheSpanishFranciscanfriarsemployedmethodsthatrangedfromidealisticandmild-manneredpreachingtolesspiouscoercivetechniquesofamoreinquisitorialnatureintheirrecruitmentoftheservicesoftheindigenousNahuaeldersandtheindoctrinatedindigenousyouthintheircharge,thetrilingualNahuatl,CastilianandLatin-speakingscholarstrainedtobeinterpreters,preachers,catechists,translatorsandscribes.
Yieldingwordsratherthanarms,theintellectualduelbetweentheseunequalpartiesworkinginclosecollaborationcanserveasthebasisforaconceptualizationoftranslationactivitiesinpluriversalrealities.
Consideringthedistinctfeaturescharacteristicoftranslationscarriedoutforthepurposesofevangelizationinacolonialsetting,wewillarguethatdiscipline-specifictaxonomiesestablishedinisolationdonotadequatelyaddresstheissuesathand.
ThroughtheanalysisofworkswrittenbyFranciscanfriarsincollaborationwithNahuaindigenousscribesattheColegio,weproposetoexaminethecomplexityofboththeprocessandtheproductoftranslation,drawingonculturalphilosophyandlinguisticfieldssuchassociolinguisticsandlexicology,aswellastranslationstudies.
Theenquirycomprisesoftwocomplementaryapproaches:firstly,adocumentaryanalysisofthecontemporarymanuscriptswithspecialreferencetotheprocessoftranslation-interpretingandanycorollaryactivitieswherethestudyoftheroleofthetranslator-interpreterstakescentrestage;andsecondly,aclosesemantic-pragmaticanalysisofthetranslatedtext,withparticularattentiontotherepresentationofdeitiesintheparallelcorpora.
Thisdouble-prongedenquiryrevealsthattheindigenoustranslator-interpretersweremorethanmeremediatorsandclearlyexercisedagencyincompletingtheirtask,possibly,asresistancetotheideologicalimperialismthataccompaniedthemilitarycampaignsduringtheconquestoftheAmericas.
ReferencesMignolo,W.
D.
(2000)Localhistories/globaldesigns:Coloniality,subalternknowledges,andborderthinking,Princeton,NJ:PrincetonUniversityPress.
RíosCastao,V.
(2014)Translationasconquest:SahagúnanduniversalhistoryofthethingsofNewSpain,Madrid:Iberoamericana/Vervuert.
Sahagún,F.
B.
(1986)Coloquiosydoctrinacristiana,MexicoCity:UniversidadNacionalAutónomadeMéxico.
Sahagún,F.
B.
(2006)HistoriageneraldelascosasdelaNuevaEspaa(11thed.
),MexicoCity:Porrúa.
Valdeón,R.
A.
(2014)TranslationandtheSpanishempireintheAmericas,Amsterdam/Philadelphia,PA:JohnBenjaminsPublishing.
KrisztinaZimányiisalecturerattheDepartmentofLanguageoftheUniversityofGuanajuato(UG),MexicowhereshehastaughtPsycholinguisticsandTranslationcoursesontheundergraduateandpostgraduateEnglishandSpanishteachertrainingprogrammes.
Ininter-GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts121departmentalcollaboration,shehasbeentheprincipalinvestigatorofafeasibilitystudyandaregionalstate-of-the-artprojectoftranslationthathasledtotheestablishmentofapostgraduateDiplomainTranslationattheUG.
Shehasalsosupervisedundergraduatethesesonsubjectsrelatedtotranslation.
SheistheauthorofanumberofarticlesonmentalhealthcareinterpretinginIrelandand,morerecently,ontheethicalimplicationsofthevisualrepresentationoftheMalincheasaninterpreterincontemporarysources.
Incollaborationwiththeothertwopresenters,shehaspublishedonthetranslationofthecollisionofcosmovisionsinNewSpain.
Herresearchinterestsincludetranslatoreducation,translationethicsandtherelationshipbetweenagentsintranslation.
VerónicadelCarmenMurilloGallegosisaseniorlecturerattheNewSpainStudiesDoctoralProgrammeattheAutonomousUniversityofZacatecas(UAZ),Mexico.
ShehastaughtPhilosophyoflanguage,Philosophyandliterature,andthePhilosophyofNewSpainatundergraduatelevel,bothatthePhilosophyandtheLiteratureandLinguisticsDepartments.
HerresearchinterestsfocusonthePhilosophyofcultureandPhilosophyofNewSpainandshecollaboratesintheareasof"Societyandthought"and"Rupturesandcontinuities"aspartofherworkinNewSpainStudiesintheUAZ.
ShehasbeenamemberoftheMexicanNationalSystemofResearchers(SNI)since2008.
SheistheauthorofCultura,lenguajeyevangelización.
NuevaEspaa,sigloXVI(Porrúa,2012)yPalabrasdeevangelización,problemasdetraducción(UAZ,2009)andmorerecentlyshehaspublishedinLinguisticaAntverpiensia,NewSeries–ThemesinTranslationStudies(2016).
AnnaMariaD'AmoreisaseniorlecturerattheAutonomousUniversityofZacatecas(UAZ)inMexicowhereshecurrentlyteachesEnglishreadingcomprehensionandtranslationcoursestostudentsintheLiteratureandLinguisticsundergraduateprogramme.
Leaderofthe"LanguageandLiterature"ResearchGroupandamemberoftheMexicanNationalSystemofResearchers(SNI),sheisinvolvedinvarioustranslation-relatedresearchprojectsandactivitiesaswellassupervisingundergraduatedissertationsandpostgraduatethesesontranslationinseveraldepartmentsoftheuniversity.
SheistheauthorofTranslatingContemporaryMexicanTexts:FidelitytoAlterity(2009),theeditor/translatoroftheSpanish-EnglishbilingualanthologyVocesZacatecanas/ZacatecanVoices(2012),acollectionofshortstoriesandpoemswritteninZacatecas,Mexico,andmorerecentlyofcontributionstoLinguisticaAntverpiensia,NewSeries–ThemesinTranslationStudies(2016)andtheHandbookofResearchonTeachingMethodsinLanguageTranslationandInterpretation(Cui&Zhao,2015).
GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts122ListofSpeakersAlkroud,Eman|44Thu7,ConferenceRoom5,11.
35-12.
05ConvenedPanel2Askheim,Clemet|45Thu7,PioneerTheatre,17.
05-17.
35ConvenedPanel1(2/2)Baring,Edward|25Fri8,PioneerTheatre,16.
20-17.
35KeynoteBaldo,Michela|46Sat9,ConferenceRoom5,11.
20-11.
50ConvenedPanel10(1/2)Bazzi,Samia|47Sat9,ConferenceRoom7,12.
20-12.
50ThematicSession6Bennett,Karen|48Fri8,ConferenceRoom5,11.
20-11.
50ConvenedPanel6Bessah,Nesrine|49Sat9,ConferenceRoom5,14.
20-14.
50ConvenedPanel10(2/2)BozkurtJobanputra,Seyhan|50Sat9,ConferenceRoom7,11.
20-11.
50ThematicSession6Bullock,JuliaC.
|52Fri8,ConferenceRoom7,10.
50-11.
20ThematicSession2Buts,Jan|53Sat9,CottonTheatre,11.
20-11.
50ConvenedPanel9Calzada-Pérez,María|54Sat9,CottonTheatre,14.
20-14.
50ThematicSession7Chan,LeoTak-hung|55Fri8,ConferenceRoom6,12.
20-12.
50ConvenedPanel7Charlston,David|57Sat9,ConferenceRoom6,14.
20-14.
50ThematicSession8Chen,I-Hsin|59Fri8,ConferenceRoom6,11.
20-11.
50ConvenedPanel7D'Amore,AnnaMaria(withZimányiandMurilloGallegos)|121Sat9,CottonTheatre,14.
50-15.
20ThematicSession7D'Ancona,Cristina|26Sat9,CottonTheatre,15.
50-17.
05KeynoteDelistathi,Christina|60Fri8,ConferenceRoom6,15.
20-15.
50ThematicSession3Demirel,Tansel|61Thu7,ConferenceRoom6,12.
05-12.
35ThematicSession1vanEijnatten,Joris|62Fri8,ThePioneerTheatre,10.
50-11.
20ConvenedPanel5(1/2)Elimam,Ahmed|63Sat9,ConferenceRoom6,14.
50-15.
20ThematicSession8Engebretsen,Eivind|27Fri8,PioneerTheatre,9.
00-10.
15KeynoteEngebretsen,Eivind(withdemark)|64Thur7,PioneerTheatre,11.
35-12.
05ConvenedPanel1(1/2)Evans,Jonathan|66Fri8,ConferenceRoom6,14.
20-14.
50ThematicSession3Evans,Jonathan(withGuo)|72Sat9,ConferenceRoom7,14.
20-14.
50ThematicSession9Fernández,Fruela|67Fri8,ConferenceRoom6,14.
50-15.
20ThematicSession3Fitzmaurice,Susan(withHineandMehl)|68Fri8,PioneerTheatre,11.
50-12.
20ConvenedPanel5(1/2)Flüchter,Antje|69Thu7,PioneerTheatre,16.
35-17.
05ConvenedPanel1(2/2)GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts123Futselaar,Ralf(withvanLange)|70Fri8,PioneerTheatre,15.
20-15.
50ConvenedPanel5(2/2)Geer,Benjamin|71Sat9,ConferenceRoom7,11.
50-12.
20ThematicSession6Guo,Ting(withEvans)|72Sat9,ConferenceRoom7,14.
20-14.
50ThematicSession9Hanna,Sameh|73Thu7,ConferenceRoom5,12.
35-13.
05ConvenedPanel2Henry-Tierney,Pauline|75Fri8,ConferenceRoom7,11.
20-11.
50ThematicSession2Hermans,Theo|29Sat9,CottonTheatre,9.
00-10.
15KeynoteHernández-Hernández,TaniaP.
|76Thu7,ConferenceRoom6,12.
35-13.
05ThematicSession1Hine,IonaC.
(withFitzmauriceandMehl)|68Fri8,PioneerTheatre,11.
50-12.
20ConvenedPanel5(1/2)Hofeneder,Philipp|77Thu7,ConferenceRoom6,16.
35-17.
05ConvenedPanel4Hollings,Christopher|78Thu7,ConferenceRoom6,17.
05-17.
35ConvenedPanel4Huijnen,Pim(withVerheul)|79Fri8,PioneerTheatre,12.
20-12.
50ConvenedPanel5(1/2)Irannejad,Shahrzad|80Fri8,ConferenceRoom7,14.
50-15.
20ThematicSession4Jones,Henry|81Sat9,CottonTheatre,10.
50-11.
20ConvenedPanel9Jurish,Bryan(withWernekeandNielnder)|82Fri8,PioneerTheatre,11.
20-11.
50ConvenedPanel5(1/2)Kang,Ji-Hae|84Fri8,ConferenceRoom7,14.
20-14.
50ThematicSession4Karimullah,Kamran|85Sat9,CottonTheatre,11.
50-12.
20ConvenedPanel9Kim,KyungHye(withZhu)|119Fri8,ConferenceRoom6,11.
50-12.
20ConvenedPanel7vanLange,Milan|70Fri8,PioneerTheatre,15.
20-15.
50ConvenedPanel5(2/2)Li,Boya|86Sat9,ConferenceRoom5,14.
50-15.
20ConvenedPanel10(2/2)Li,Dang|87Fri8,ConferenceRoom6,10.
50-11.
20ConvenedPanel7Liu,Nannan|88Sat9,ConferenceRoom7,10.
50-11.
20ThematicSession6Luz,Saturnino|89Sat9,CottonTheatre,12.
20-12.
50ConvenedPanel9Maeckelbergh,Marianne|30Thur7,PioneerTheatre,14.
30-15.
45KeynoteMalamatidou,Sofia|90Fri8,ConferenceRoom5,14.
20-14.
50ConvenedPanel8Martin,AlisonE.
|91Thu7,ConferenceRoom5,16.
05-16.
35ConvenedPanel3Martins,Julia|92Fri8,ConferenceRoom7,15.
20-15.
50ThematicSession4Mehl,Seth(withFitzmauriceandHine)|68Fri8,PioneerTheatre,11.
50-12.
20ConvenedPanel5(1/2)Maxey,James|93Thu7,ConferenceRoom5,12.
05-12.
35ConvenedPanel2Montalt,Vicent(withSapiaandDomínguez)|106Sat9,ConferenceRoom5,11.
50-12.
20ConvenedPanel10(1/2)GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts124MurgatroydCree,Jose|94Fri8,PioneerTheatre,14.
20-14.
50ConvenedPanel5(2/2)MurilloGallegos,Verónica(withZimányiandD'Amore)|121Sat9,CottonTheatre,14.
50-15.
20ThematicSession7Nielnder,Maret(withJurishandWerneke)|82Fri8,PioneerTheatre,11.
20-11.
50ConvenedPanel5(1/2)demark,John|95Thu7,PioneerTheatre,16.
05-16.
35ConvenedPanel1(2/2)demark,John(withEngebretsen)|64Thur7,PioneerTheatre,11.
35-12.
05ConvenedPanel1(1/2)Olohan,Maeve|97Fri8,ConferenceRoom5,15.
20-15.
50ConvenedPanel8Pantuchowicz,Agnieszka|99Fri8,ConferenceRoom7,12.
20-12.
50ThematicSession2Pavón-Belizón,Manuel|100Sat9,ConferenceRoom6,10.
50-11.
20ThematicSession5Pickford,Susan|101Thu7,ConferenceRoom5,16.
35-17.
05ConvenedPanel3Salama-Carr,Myriam|102Fri8,ConferenceRoom5,14.
50-15.
20ConvenedPanel8Sández,LauraV.
|103Fri8,PioneerTheatre,14.
50-15.
20ConvenedPanel5(2/2)Sandet,Tony|104Sat9,ConferenceRoom6,11.
50-12.
20ThematicSession5Sandet,Tony|105Thur7,PioneerTheatre,12.
35-13.
05ConvenedPanel1(1/2)Sibgatullina,Gulnaz|108Fri8,ConferenceRoom5,10.
50-11.
20ConvenedPanel6Spiiaková,Eva|109Sat9,ConferenceRoom7,14.
50-15.
20ThematicSession9Surman,Jan|110Thu7,ConferenceRoom6,16.
05-16.
35ConvenedPanel4Susam-Saraeva,ebnem|111Sat9,ConferenceRoom5,10.
50-11.
20ConvenedPanel10(1/2)vitek,Mihael|112Thu7,ConferenceRoom6,11.
35-12.
05ThematicSession1Tarkka-Robinson,Laura|113Thu7,ConferenceRoom5,17.
05-17.
35ConvenedPanel3Uciński,Przemysaw|114Fri8,ConferenceRoom7,11.
50-12.
20ThematicSession2Vassallo,Clare|115Fri8,ConferenceRoom5,11.
50-12.
20ConvenedPanel6Verheul,Jaap(withHuijnen)|79Fri8,PioneerTheatre,12.
20-12.
50ConvenedPanel5(1/2)Werneke,Thomas(withJurish&MaretNielnder)|82Fri8,PioneerTheatre,11.
20-11.
50ConvenedPanel5(1/2)Wieringa,Sietse|117Thur7,PioneerTheatre,12.
05-12.
35ConvenedPanel1(1/2)Wiesenfeldt,Gerhard|118Sat9,ConferenceRoom6,11.
20-11.
50ThematicSession5Zhu,Yifan(withKim)|119Fri8,ConferenceRoom6,11.
50-12.
20ConvenedPanel7Zimányi,Krisztina(withMurilloGallegosandD'Amore)|121Sat9,CottonTheatre,14.
50-15.
20ThematicSession7Wisnovsky,Robert|31Thur7,PioneerTheatre,9.
45-11.
00KeynoteGenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts125GenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts126GenealogiesofKnowledgeisaprojectfundedbyGenealogiesofKnowledge2017ConferenceBookofAbstracts127